Exam 5: The Civilization of Ancient Rome

A) the construction of temples to the goddess Roma throughout the empire.
B) a graduated system of taxation that had the support of the poor in the empire.
C) the hiring of mercenary armies from Pythia to defend the northern frontier.
D) a system of army camps that served to enlist and train locals into the Roman army.
E) a system of roads constructed to be able to move army units throughout the empire.

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A) was essentially a dictatorship, resulting in the disbandment of the Senate.
B) is known as the Principate because Octavian ruled as the princeps, the first citizen.
C) minimized the role of the army and discouraged military expansion.
D) was socially progressive and rejected traditional Roman morality.
E) was totally successful and transformed the republic into a peaceful benevolent monarchy.

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A) Carthage had a large navy and a vast empire that touched Roman territories.
B) Carthage was a Phoenician colony and could call for help from Lebanon.
C) Carthage commanded the vast resources of Saharan Africa.
D) The Carthaginians had already conquered Egypt, Palestine, and Syria.
E) The Carthaginians had established an alliance with the Gauls and the Phoenicians against Rome.

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A

A) The tale of Romulus and Remus, nursed by a she-wolf
B) The allegory of the cave dwellers who never see the light of day
C) The rape of Lucretia
D) The legend of brave Horatio at the bridge
E) The story of Cincinnatus and his dictatorship

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A) there was no Senate or citizen assembly.
B) all power remained in the hands of a king.
C) the Roman constitution essentially ensured oligarchic rule.
D) Aristotle would not have approved of how power was distributed.
E) it remained, in practice, a monarchy.

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A) social divisions between patricians and plebeians were abolished.
B) the patricians accepted that plebeians had the right to elect tribunes.
C) Livy wrote a history from the plebeian point of view.
D) the chief conspirators were arrested and exiled to Africa.
E) the plebeians were expelled from Rome and the patricians assumed total control.

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A) Tiberius
B) Claudius
C) Augustus
D) Caligula
E) Trajan

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A) set about standardizing weights and measures, coinage, and taxation.
B) built a commemorative pyramid in the Forum of Rome.
C) started a series of wars for control of the western Mediterranean.
D) conquered Ptolemaic Egypt.
E) stopped any further expansion of their rule.

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A) Cicero.
B) Marius.
C) Octavian.
D) Pompey.
E) Sulla.

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Fresh from the defeat of Mark Antony,Oct...

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A) a large harbor suitable as home base for a fleet.
B) a river too broad for enemy forces to cross easily.
C) hills that increased the defensibility of the city.
D) ample supplies of essential materials, including wood, pitch, coal, and iron ore.
E) large fertile plains suitable to the agriculture needed to sustain a large population.

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A) through Christianity, Roman virtue might be transformed into a new system of social ethics.
B) Greek philosophy should be replaced with the ideals of republican Rome.
C) true happiness comes when one withdraws totally from public life and politics.
D) tranquility and peace of mind is the highest goal.
E) happiness can come only through the pursuit of worldly pleasures.

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A) Octavian was the most experienced general, best qualified to rule Rome.
B) everyone hoped for a peaceful transition from uncle to grandnephew.
C) Octavian had to fight rivals for his right to inherit Caesar's wealth and power.
D) Mark Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide rather than share power.
E) Caesar's enemies plotted, and successfully carried out, the assassination of Octavian.

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A) occurred because she had killed Caesar's son Caesarion.
B) meant that her younger brother now ruled Egypt in his own right.
C) caused Mark Anthony such grief that he committed suicide.
D) meant that Egypt became a Roman province.
E) ensured that her children would also die at the hands of the Romans.

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The Etruscans established a confederation of independent city-states that the Romans would later help form into the Latin League and from whence they would develop their first conquests and allies.The Etruscans were skilled metalworkers and architects who had mastered the vault and the arch,both of which Rome used and adapted.Etruscan women enjoyed a relatively more liberated position than Greek women did.Rome adopted some of this attitude,allowing women to be more active outside the home,although Roman women were never as free as their Etruscan counterparts had been.The Roman love for gladiatorial sports also appears to have been adopted from Etruscan society.Finally,the Romans adopted their very foundation myths from Etruscan culture.Both the story of Romulus and Remus and the tale of Aeneas's escape from Troy,which would become the basis of Virgil's Aeneid,were derived from Etruscan sources.

A) relied primarily on mercenary troops from Greece.
B) abandoned farming as a means of support and emphasized trade.
C) expanded quickly and peacefully into areas that were essentially unoccupied.
D) expanded and extended the Latin Right to many of the cities it conquered.
E) realized that to survive, it needed to conquer as many other peoples as possible.

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D