Exam 4: Speciation and Phylogeny

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Students can use the example of allopatr...

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A) share a very similar morphology.
B) share the same geographical and environmental circumstances.
C) interbreed and are reproductively isolated from other like groups.
D) share genetic information.

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A) microevolution and asexual reproduction
B) reinforcement and character displacement
C) blending and macroevolution
D) phylogeny and disequilibrium

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The biological species concept is one of...

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A) a mutation caused by solar radiation produces adaptations.
B) a population expands across a uniform habitat.
C) multiple new species are produced because subpopulations adapt to new environments.
D) a species loses adaptations through mutation.

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A) A large lake is divided into two smaller lakes by a geological process, dividing a single species of fish into two different groups.
B) All of the "parent" species of a new species go extinct, reducing gene flow between populations.
C) There are two distinct possible feeding strategies within a given population, causing the rise of two species living in the same geographic area.
D) A mutation changes the mating ritual followed by a subset of individuals in a population, and they end up forming an all-new species.

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A) only morphological similarity to classify organisms.
B) only descent to classify organisms.
C) both similarity and descent to classify organisms.
D) neither similarity nor descent to classify organisms.

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A) found in the common ancestor of the group, but is lost in both of the descendant species.
B) replaced by derived characters at the point of the split of the last common ancestor into two new species.
C) found in the last common ancestor of the pair, and may be present in one, both, or neither of the species.
D) found in the last common ancestor of the pair and at least one of the species.

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Analogous characters are traits that are...

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A) gene flow.
B) ancestry.
C) systematics.
D) convergent evolution.

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Ancestral characters appear in the fossi...

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A) Individuals in the same environment experience similar natural selection pressures.
B) Lack of gene flow prevents the mixing of genes.
C) Individuals in the same population share DNA.
D) Individuals in the same environment sometimes experience different selection pressures.

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A) Species A and C are most closely related.
B) Species A and B are most closely related.
C) Species B and C are most closely related.
D) All three species are equally related.

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A) natural selection favoring different adaptations within a similar environment and within a population
B) natural selection favoring adaptations to a similar environment by geographically separated groups
C) a mother population divided into two physically separated populations, and adapting to distinct environments
D) a small subset of the population becoming isolated, followed by random genetic drift

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A) cannot be maintained without good geographical separation.
B) are very flexible, so closely related species are easily confused.
C) are maintained by genetic drift.
D) are maintained by selection, even if they overlap in geography.

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A) morphological traits.
B) traits related to making a living or choosing mates.
C) features of their genome.
D) traits related to their life histories.

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A) many fossil species retain only derived traits.
B) derived traits are under greater genetic control than are analogous and homologous traits.
C) all organisms have homologous traits.
D) analogous and homologous traits do not tell us anything about close phylogenetic relationships.

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A) the formation of new species
B) the death of individuals
C) evolutionary change within a species
D) the extinction of a species

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