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Exam 3: Correlation and Prediction

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Question 1

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When high scores go with high scores, and low with low, the correlation coefficient will be between _________ and __________.

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0, 1

Question 2

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A health researcher conducts a survey of the relation of proportion of fat in a person's diet to proportion of time the person uses a seat belt. (The idea is that those who practice one kind of health-related behavior may be more likely to practice another kind.)Here are the scores for three participants. M = 36.67 SD = 10.27 M = 53.33 SD = 12.47 r = -.96 a. Give the Z score prediction formula for predicting seat belt usage from fat in their diet. b. Predict the seat belt usage of a person who has 40% fat in their diet. c. Explain what you have done to a person who is familiar with correlation but not with regression.

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a. Predicted Z_Y = (-.96)(Z

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Question 3

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Which of the alternatives best describes the pattern of scores graphed below?

A study finds that the scarier the movie a person is watching, the more popcorn the person will eat. This relation between scariness of movies and popcorn is an example of a(n)__________ correlation.

Which of the following represents the strongest linear correlation?

A research article reports that a score is statistically significant. This means that it is unlikely that a correlation this high would have been observed in the group studied if the correlation were in fact zero for __________.

Provide two reasons why it is important to identify the pattern of correlation in a scatter diagram before proceeding to figure the linear correlation.

Which of the following is a way for researchers to rule out alternative directions of causality?

A scatter diagram shows a pattern of dots in which the dots generally go up and to the right. This pattern is an example of a(n)__________ correlation.

Suppose that you would like to predict a person's college GPA from the person's SAT score. In this situation, the SAT score is called the:

Which of the alternatives best describes the pattern of scores on the scatter diagram below?

What is the difference between a positive correlation and a negative correlation?

A researcher surveys a group of working married women and reports the following results for the first four surveyed: M = 45 SD = 11.18 M = 82.5 SD = 10.9 r = -.92 a. Give the Z score prediction formula for predicting proportion of housework done from proportion of income contributed. b. Predict the contribution to housework for a woman who provides 90% of the income. c. Explain what you have done to a person who is familiar with correlation but not with regression.

A scatter diagram shows a pattern of dots in which the dots generally go down and to the right. This pattern is an example of a(n)__________ correlation.

Suppose that you want to be able to predict college grades from information about high school grades. In this case, the college grades would be called the:

In prediction with one predictor variable, the optimal number to use for beta (the standardized regression coefficient) is the:

In the social sciences, a strategy to rule out at least one direction of causality is to conduct studies where people are measured:

A research article reports a significant correlation using the .01 significance level. How would this be presented in the article if the correlation coefficient was .43?

When calculating a correlation coefficient, why is it important to divide the sum of cross-products of Z scores by the number of people in the study?

In a particular industry it is known that the standardized regression coefficient for predicting likely profit from number of advertisements is .7. A company is planning to place 18 advertisements. Which of the following pieces of information will be needed as part of predicting the actual amount of profit?