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When people are resistant to a change because of adjustment problems, the most effective way to manage the resistance is through


A) manipulation and cooptation.
B) training and other resources.
C) explicit and implicit coercion.
D) centralization and micromanagement.
E) negotiation and rewards.

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An advantage of technology trading is that it


A) helps a firm speed up its learning curve.
B) enables a firm to gain control and ownership over desired technology.
C) enables a firm to adopt the trial-and-error approach to using technologies.
D) helps a firm gain easy access to new technology as all industries willingly share information.
E) helps a firm gain competitive advantage in its industry.

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Groups at all levels in an organization can do all of these EXCEPT


A) hold change efforts together.
B) communicate information about the changes.
C) be part of a guiding coalition.
D) establish a sense of urgency.
E) provide the means for enacting new behaviors.

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A disadvantage of acquiring a new technology by purchasing the technology owner is that


A) developing technology becomes time consuming.
B) the process requires more staff than internal development.
C) it makes the purchasing firm highly dependent on its internal development capabilities.
D) the purchasing company will not own or control the unique technology.
E) acquiring the company can be expensive.

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An independent research laboratory entered into an agreement with a multinational agricultural company to develop a new variety of hybrid seeds for cold climates. In return, the agricultural company would fund the research. This method of acquiring new technology is known as


A) state funding.
B) internal development.
C) technology trading.
D) licensing.
E) contracted development.

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________ technology is commonplace in the industry and provides little competitive advantage.


A) Base
B) Emerging
C) Key
D) Large batch
E) Pacing

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The ________ refers to the ability to achieve multiple objectives at the same time.


A) "tyranny of the or"
B) "genius of the and"
C) glass ceiling effect
D) black swan effect
E) agile design concept

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A responsibility of the chief information officer is


A) gaining unauthorized access to proprietary information of competitors.
B) finding new ways to produce old products.
C) ensuring that employees have no access to information from outside the organization.
D) identifying ways that technology can support the company's strategy.
E) limiting information exchanged through the company grapevine.

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Executives in defender firms are most likely to


A) be concerned about the opportunity costs of not taking an action.
B) support an outward-looking and opportunistic culture.
C) base strategic decisions on careful analysis and experience in the industry setting.
D) adopt a first-mover strategy to grab a dominant position in the industry.
E) be more innovative than their counterparts in prospector firms.

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In the context of companies trying different strategic postures to compete in an uncertain future, ________ are those who take the current industry structure and its future evolution as givens and choose where to compete.


A) shapers
B) category captains
C) adapters
D) gatekeepers
E) first-movers

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________ intervention relates to enhancing organization structure and design, employee involvement, and work design.


A) Technostructural
B) Strategic
C) Tactical
D) Human process
E) Human resources management

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Describe the essential characteristics of learning leaders.

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Learning leaders exchange knowledge free...

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________ is when an organization asks itself about whether to acquire new technology from an outside source or develop it internally.


A) Technology trading
B) A make-or-buy decision
C) Benchmarking
D) Positioning
E) Differentiation

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During the ________ stage, management realizes that its current practices are no longer appropriate and the company must break out of its present mold by doing things differently.


A) unfreezing
B) moving
C) refreezing
D) molding
E) force-field analysis

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________ seeks new technologies by reading cutting-edge research journals and attending conferences and seminars.


A) Social audit
B) Gap analysis
C) Environmental scanning
D) Internal analysis
E) Open-book management

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A disadvantage of purchasing technology that already is available in products or processes is that


A) it is the most time-consuming way to acquire new technology.
B) it is the least cost-effective way to acquire new technology.
C) the purchase requires more staff than internal development.
D) the coordination and monitoring costs will be high.
E) the technology itself will not offer a competitive advantage.

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Jeremy told his mentor, "My top programmer, Kim Park, has developed an app that's going to make his career around here. But it's going to take some serious money to promote it and sell it to one of the big players. I'm convinced that Kim has the skills needed to polish the software or even the managerial skills needed to advance the idea and secure funding." In the development of new technology, Kim's role is as


A) product champion.
B) executive champion.
C) category captain.
D) technical innovator.
E) chief information officer

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Why must economic viability be considered when making technology decisions?

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Apart from whether a firm can "pull off"...

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________ technologies have proved effective but offer a strategic advantage because not everyone knows or uses them.


A) Base
B) Emerging
C) Key
D) Elevated
E) Pacing

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________ is a method to manage resistance that managers sometimes resort to when they must lay down the law.


A) Negotiation and rewards
B) Punishment and threats
C) Manipulation and cooptation
D) Education and communication
E) Facilitation and support

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