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Stops based on race alone are not valid,but there is disagreement whether race can be taken as one factor in determining reasonable suspicion for a stop.Under what circumstances should race be allowed as one factor in determining reasonable suspicion for a stop? Give an example to support your conclusion.

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Race should be allowed as one factor in ...

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The four begin to surround Officer Blake,even after he asks them to stay in a line,and he observes the two with the bulging pockets stick their right hands in those pockets.He can:


A) frisk them for weapons and drugs.
B) search them for drugs.
C) have them empty their pockets onto the hood of his car.
D) frisk them for weapons for his own protection.

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Lawfully touching something and immediately recognizing it as seizable is known as_______ touch.

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A frisk is a pat-down of the outer clothing to find:


A) controlled substances.
B) evidence of any type of crime.
C) identification materials.
D) weapons.

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The Supreme Court held in the Terry case that police have the authority to detain a person briefly for questioning even without probable cause.

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Under which of the following circumstances can the police use stationhouse detention for fingerprinting?


A) When reasonable suspicion exists
B) When probable cause exists
C) With the suspect's consent
D) When probable cause exists and with the suspect's consent

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What might justify the officers in frisking the three women for weapons?


A) She can frisk anytime she stops someone.
B) She can automatically frisk whenever three or more people are together.
C) If the officer believes they are carrying drugs.
D) If the officer reasonably believes that one or more of the women is carrying a weapon.

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The police have a reasonable suspicion that a traveler is carrying contraband and ask the traveler at the airport if__________they can search his luggage.The traveler refuses.The officers lack probable cause and tell the traveler he is free to go.However,they refuse to return the luggage to the traveler,telling him they are waiting for a drug-detection dog.The traveler waits for two hours,but the dog does not appear.Although lacking probable cause,the police still refuse to give the traveler the luggage,and he leaves.Under the Fourth Amendment,this police action is:


A) lawful because they told the traveler he was free to go.
B) lawful because the traveler voluntarily left the airport.
C) unlawful because the original reasonable suspicion has dissipated after two hours.
D) unlawful because the police lacked probable cause to detain the luggage or traveler.

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Terry v.Ohio is the leading case on stop and frisk.

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An officer makes a valid stop of an automobile.The officer has a reasonable suspicion that the suspect,who has exited the vehicle,is armed and dangerous.With regard to the passenger compartment of the vehicle,the officer may:


A) search it immediately.
B) not search it until after a search warrant is obtained.
C) search it,but only if the officer has probable cause.
D) search it only after obtaining consent from the driver.

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What justifies the officers in stopping the three women?


A) The officer has reasonable suspicion that one or more of the women has drugs.
B) The officer can stop anytime three or more people are together.
C) The officer does not like the way the three are looking at her.
D) Nothing justifies such a stop.

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What is required to authorize Officer Lee to engage in this conduct?


A) Observe unusual conduct that leads him to believe criminal activity is about to take place or has taken place.
B) He can stop anybody to frisk them for drugs.
C) The man is black in a primarily white neighborhood.
D) Probable cause to arrest the man.

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To remain within Fourth Amendment bounds,a stop must:


A) last no longer than necessary.
B) not involve incriminating questions.
C) not last longer than 20 minutes.
D) not,under any circumstances,involve a police display of weapons.

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A frisk is a search for evidence.

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After making a valid stop of a vehicle the officer can order the driver to exit the vehicle only if he/she has which of the following?


A) Reasonable suspicion
B) Probable cause
C) A warrant
D) None of the answers are correct.

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A________ must be limited initially to a pat-down of a person's outer clothing.


A) search
B) frisk
C) warrantless search
D) None of the answers are correct.

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For a stationhouse detention for the purpose of interrogation,reasonable suspicion is necessary.

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Persons stopped by the police cannot be forced to answer questions,but can be forced to identify themselves.

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Officials detain a suspected drug smuggler at the border.Detention of the suspect for more than a few minutes requires,at a minimum


A) probable cause.
B) reasonable suspicion.
C) a search warrant.
D) an arrest warrant.

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