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Exam 6: DNA Replication and Repair

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Question 1

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Telomeres serve as caps protecting the ends of linear chromosomes.Which of the following is FALSE regarding the replication of telomeric sequences?

A) The lagging-strand telomeres are not completely replicated by DNA polymerase.
B) Telomeres are made of repeating sequences.
C) Additional repeated sequences are added to the template strand.
D) The leading strand doubles back on itself to form a primer for the lagging strand.

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Question 2

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How many replication forks are formed when an origin of replication is opened?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

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Question 3

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Recombination has occurred between the chromosome segments shown in Figure 6-40.The genes A and B, and the recessive alleles a and b, are used as markers on the maternal and paternal chromosomes, respectively.After alignment and homologous recombination, the specific arrangements of A, B, a, and b have changed. Figure 6-40 Which of the choices below correctly indicates the gene combination from the replication products of the maternal chromosome?

DNA helicase has an essential role in DNA replication, but its unwinding activity also creates problems ahead of the replication fork, requiring the function of another class of enzymes.Describe the problem caused by DNA helicase, name the enzymes that resolve the problem, and explain the mechanism of resolution.

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

DNA polymerases are processive, which means that they remain tightly associated with the template strand while moving rapidly and adding nucleotides to the growing daughter strand.Which piece of the replication machinery accounts for this characteristic?

Which of the following statements about the newly synthesized strand of a human chromosome is TRUE?

Several members of the same family were diagnosed with the same kind of cancer when they were unusually young.Which one of the following is the most likely explanation for this phenomenon? It is possible that the individuals with the cancer have inherited

Which diagram accurately represents the directionality of DNA strands at one side of a replication fork? (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 6-19

You have discovered an "Exo^-" mutant form of DNA polymerase in which the 3′-to-5′ exonuclease function has been destroyed but the ability to join nucleotides together is unchanged.Which of the following properties do you expect the mutant polymerase to have?

In somatic cells, if a base is mismatched in one new daughter strand during DNA replication, and is not repaired, what fraction of the DNA duplexes will have a permanent change in the DNA sequence after the second round of DNA replication?

Beside the distortion in the DNA backbone caused by a mismatched base pair, what additional mark is there on eukaryotic DNA to indicate which strand needs to be repaired?

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false.If a statement is false, explain why it is false.

How does the total number of replication origins in bacterial cells compare to the number of origins in human cells?

A mismatched base pair causes a distortion in the DNA backbone.If this were the only indication of an error in replication, the overall rate of mutation would be much higher.Explain why.

You prepare bacterial cell extracts by lysing the cells and removing insoluble debris via centrifugation.These extracts provide the proteins required for DNA replication.Your DNA template is a small, double-stranded circular piece of DNA (a plasmid) with a single origin of replication and a single replication termination site.The termination site is on the opposite side of the plasmid from the origin. Figure 6-11 What part of the DNA replication process would be most directly affected if a strain of bacteria lacking DNA ligase were used to make the cell extracts?

In terms of its function, is telomerase more like DNA polymerase or Primase? Explain your reasoning.

The process of DNA replication requires that each of the parental DNA strands be used as a __________ to produce a duplicate of the opposing strand.

DNA replication is considered semiconservative because

Sometimes, chemical damage to DNA can occur just before DNA replication begins, not giving the repair system enough time to correct the error before the DNA is duplicated.This gives rise to mutation.If the adenosine in the sequence TCAT is depurinated and not repaired, which of the following is the point mutation that you would observe after this segment has undergone two rounds of DNA replication?