Question 1

Which of the following is true about the role of psychoanalytic theory in modern human development research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychosexual theory,which emphasizes that how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years,is a mainstream of current research.
B)  One of the lasting contributions of psychoanalytic theory is its ability to capture the essence of personality during each period of development.
C)  Psychoanalytic theorists' emphasis on the importance of experiences beyond infancy and early childhood is still largely accepted.
D)  Psychoanalytic theory has cross-cultural implications because researchers have studied individuals from all over the world.

Question 2

Compared with securely attached infants,avoidant babies tend to receive ___________ care.

Accepted Answer

A)  disorganized/disoriented
B)  understimulating,inconsistent
C)  overstimulating,intrusive
D)  unresponsive

Question 3

Stranger anxiety is

Accepted Answer

A)  uncommon in well-adjusted toddlers.
B)  less likely if the unfamiliar adult picks up the wary infant.
C)  less common in cultures where babies are frequently passed from one adult to another.
D)  more common in cultures where babies are frequently passed from one adult to another.

Question 4

Which theory of attachment is the most widely accepted view?

Accepted Answer

A)  ethological
B)  psychoanalytic
C)  operant
D)  "clear-cut"

Question 5

Despite declines in family size,_____ percent of Western babies grow up with at least one sibling.

Accepted Answer

A)  25
B)  45
C)  65
D)  80

Question 6

Besides self-awareness,self-conscious emotions require

Accepted Answer

A)  adult instruction in when to feel proud,ashamed,or guilty.
B)  use of emotional self-regulatory strategies.
C)  adult instruction in when to feel happy,angry,or sad.
D)  use of social comparisons.

Question 7

Joan decides not to see a scary horror film.Joan is using

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional contagion.
B)  self-conscious emotions.
C)  basic emotions.
D)  emotional self-regulation.

Question 8

Laughter reflects

Accepted Answer

A)  increased sensitivity to object permanence.
B)  sensitivity to the human face.
C)  an infant's capacity to respond to passive stimuli.
D)  faster processing of information than smiling.

Question 9

Generally,fathers ___________ than mothers do.

Accepted Answer

A)  interact and play differently with babies
B)  more often provide toys and talk to infants
C)  more often play conventional games like peekaboo
D)  devote more time to physical care

Question 10

Are temperament and personality primarily influenced by genes or the environment? Explain,using research from the text to support your answer.

Accepted Answer

Temperament and personality can be under...

Question 11

Some basic emotions are happiness,fear,sadness,and

Accepted Answer

A)  disgust.
B)  envy.
C)  guilt.
D)  pride.

Question 12

Describe the development basic and self-conscious emotions.Give at least four examples of each.

Accepted Answer

Basic emotions-happiness,interest,surpri...

Question 13

In Thomas and Chess's New York Longitudinal Study,_____ percent of the children did not fit any category and showed unique blends of temperamental characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A)  15
B)  20
C)  35
D)  50

Question 14

Which of the following is supported by research on the stability of attachment patterns between 1 and 2 years of age?

Accepted Answer

A)  In low-SES families with many daily stresses,attachment generally moves from insecurity to security.
B)  Securely attached babies more often maintain their attachment status than insecure babies.
C)  About 20 percent of disorganized/disoriented babies retain their classification over time.
D)  Middle-SES babies with secure attachments are the least likely to maintain a stable attachment pattern.

Question 15

Infants whose parents ___________ tend to be less fussy.

Accepted Answer

A)  respond impatiently to their emotional cues
B)  wait to intervene until the baby becomes agitated
C)  "read" and respond contingently and sympathetically to their emotional cues
D)  ignore negative emotion

Question 16

On average,________ of individual differences in temperament and personality have been attributed to differences in genetic makeup.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-quarter
B)  one-third
C)  half
D)  two-thirds

Question 17

Laughter first appears around

Accepted Answer

A)  3 to 4 weeks.
B)  6 to 8 weeks.
C)  3 to 4 months.
D)  6 to 8 months.

Question 18

Toddlers who sleep alone and experience frequent daytime separations from their parents

Accepted Answer

A)  usually develop an insecure attachment to their parents.
B)  sometimes develop strong emotional ties to comfort objects,such as blankets and stuffed animals.
C)  are at-risk for disorganized/disoriented attachment.
D)  may develop a secure attachment to their child-care provider but have trouble bonding with their parents.

Question 19

Describe three temperamental styles identified by Thomas and Chess,and compare Thomas and Chess's model with that of Rothbart.

Accepted Answer

-The easy child (40 percent of the sampl...

Question 20

Infant characteristics do not show strong relationships with attachment quality because

Accepted Answer

A)  temperament is not stable until middle to late childhood.
B)  most newborns easily form secure attachments with their primary caregivers.
C)  many child attributes can lead to secure attachment as long as the caregiver behaves sensitively.
D)  measuring the quality of the emotional bond between parents and their infants is difficult.

Exam 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Describe three temperamental styles identified by Thomas and Chess,and compare Thomas and Chess's model with that of Rothbart.

Correct Answerverified-The easy child (40 percent of the sampl...View AnswerShow Answer

Infants whose parents ___________ tend to be less fussy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with securely attached infants,avoidant babies tend to receive ___________ care.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On average,________ of individual differences in temperament and personality have been attributed to differences in genetic makeup.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Laughter first appears around

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Generally,fathers ___________ than mothers do.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true about the role of psychoanalytic theory in modern human development research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Joan decides not to see a scary horror film.Joan is using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Thomas and Chess's New York Longitudinal Study,_____ percent of the children did not fit any category and showed unique blends of temperamental characteristics.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theory of attachment is the most widely accepted view?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Are temperament and personality primarily influenced by genes or the environment? Explain,using research from the text to support your answer.

Correct AnswerverifiedTemperament and personality can be under...View AnswerShow Answer

Besides self-awareness,self-conscious emotions require

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Despite declines in family size,_____ percent of Western babies grow up with at least one sibling.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infant characteristics do not show strong relationships with attachment quality because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the development basic and self-conscious emotions.Give at least four examples of each.

Correct AnswerverifiedBasic emotions-happiness,interest,surpri...View AnswerShow Answer

Laughter reflects

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is supported by research on the stability of attachment patterns between 1 and 2 years of age?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stranger anxiety is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Toddlers who sleep alone and experience frequent daytime separations from their parents

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some basic emotions are happiness,fear,sadness,and

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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-The easy child (40 percent of the sampl...
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Temperament and personality can be under...
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Basic emotions-happiness,interest,surpri...
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