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Exam 8: Cell Signaling Systems

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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When the regulatory subunit of PKA is bound to cAMP,

A) it dissociates into monomers.
B) the pseudosubstrate is phosphorylated.
C) it cannot bind to catalytic subunit of PKA.
D) it is part of a tetramer.

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Question 32

Multiple Choice

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Predict which bond of a target protein would be cleaved by caspase 3 executioner enzyme.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

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Question 33

Multiple Choice

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If protein kinase A is activated in a liver cell in response to glucagon binding to the $\beta$ 2-adrenergic receptor, which of the following will result?

An inhibitor of PTEN is accidentally ingested by an infant. The infant displays symptoms of hypoglycemia. How would inhibiting PTEN lead to this outcome?

Glycogen synthesis was monitored in a liver cell in the presence of glucagon binding to the $\beta$ 2-adrenergic receptor and after its removal. How would the activity of enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis and glycogen degradation be altered if the experiment were carried out after the cells were treated with caffeine, an inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase? Explain your reasoning.

Construct a functional signal transduction pathway by placing the following actors in the correct order: A. upstream signaling protein B. second messenger C. receptor protein D. first messenger E. target proteins F. downstream signaling protein

On binding of insulin to the insulin receptor, the receptor becomes phosphorylated. What is the name of the protein that carried out this phosphorylation?

Outline the steps that occur in the shared pathway of glucagon and epinephrine signaling in a liver cell. Include the specific receptors, G protein subunits, upstream signaling protein, and second messengers.

A Western blot analysis of the expression of estrogen receptors in ovarian tissues at different times of the estrous cycle showed approximately four times greater protein levels at day 2 compared with day 10 of the cycle. Which of the following may be true given these data?

If a mutation occurred in SODD that prohibited its interaction with the DD of TNF receptor, the TNF receptor would

Below is shown the structure of a homodimer of the GR DNA-binding domain. Four areas are highlighted. Which is most likely to interact with DNA?

Which of the following compounds is a pharmaceutical adrenergic receptor agonist?

Consider a mutation in procaspase 3 that changes Asp28 to an amino acid that is no longer a substrate for autocleavage. This mutant would

Explain how the conformational organization of a nuclear receptor homodimer allows it to recognize inverted repeat sequences of DNA.

The levels of the second messenger involved in vasodilation are increased by and decreased by _.

Which of the following is a GTPase?

If GRB2 were truncated so that the N-terminal domain was missing, the truncated protein would be unable to bind the

Illustrate how a conformational change is critical in the two-step model of EGF function.

When bound to GTP, G_{S $\alpha$} obtains a conformation that promotes interaction with

Some breast cancers express estrogen receptors and are estrogen dependent. Tamoxifen is a chemotherapy agent used in the treatment of estrogen-responsive breast cancers. What is tamoxifen in relation to the estrogen receptor and why does it have this effect?