Question 1

Microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A)   factors released from damaged tissues.
B)   antigen-antibody reactions.
C)   factors released from phagocytes.
D)   lipid- carbohydrate complexes and C3.
E)   C5-C9.

Question 3

Ingestion of certain lactic acid bacteria (LABs) has been shown to be beneficial for function and health of the intestinal tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is found normally in serum?

Accepted Answer

A)   interferon
B)   complement
C)   histamine
D)   leukocytosis- promoting factor
E)   TLRs

Question 5

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   HCl.
B)   the "ciliary escalator."
C)   tears.
D)   saliva.
E)   multiple layers of cells.

Question 6

Activation of C5-C9 results in

Accepted Answer

A)   inflammation.
B)   activation of C3.
C)   lysis of microbial cells.
D)   phagocytosis.
E)   fixation of complement.

Question 7

Histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and capillary permeability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Activation of C3a results in

Accepted Answer

A)   increased blood vessel permeability.
B)   cell lysis.
C)   opsonization.
D)   acute inflammation.
E)   attraction of phagocytes.

Question 9

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?

Accepted Answer

A)   macrophages
B)   basophils
C)   erythrocytes
D)   eosinophils
E)   neutrophils

Question 10

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

Accepted Answer

A)   monocytes
B)   neutrophils
C)   lymphocytes
D)   eosinophils
E)   basophils

Question 11

The dermis is composed of connective tissue and provides protection from the external environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?

Accepted Answer

A)   phagocyte migration
B)   margination
C)   diapedesis
D)   vasodilation
E)   repair

Question 13

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)   chemotaxis - chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome
B)   scab - dried blood clot over injured tissue
C)   pus - tissue debris and dead phagocytes in a white or yellow fluid
D)   diapedesis - movement of leukocytes between capillary walls cells out of blood and into tissue
E)   abcess - a cavity created by tissue damage and filled with pus

Question 14

A chill is a sign that

Accepted Answer

A)   blood vessels are dilating.
B)   body temperature is falling.
C)   body temperature is not changing.
D)   the metabolic rate is decreasing.
E)   body temperature is rising.

Question 15

Complement proteins act as opsonins by binding to microorganisms and promoting phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A)   mannose on host membranes.
B)   gram- negative cell walls.
C)   lectins of the microbe.
D)   gram- positive cell walls.
E)   mannose on the surface of microbes.

Question 17

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   lysozymes.
B)   leukotrienes.
C)   histamine.
D)   kinins.
E)   prostaglandins.

Question 18

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   they compete with pathogens for nutrients.
B)   they produce lysozyme.
C)   they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria.
D)   they produce antibacterial chemicals.
E)   they change the pH of the environment.

Question 19

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   monocytes
B)   eosinophils
C)   basophils
D)   neutrophils
E)   lymphocytes

Question 20

Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   leukocidins.
B)   biofilms.
C)   formation of phagolysosomes.
D)   capsules.
E)   M protein.

Exam 16: Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Activation of C3a results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and capillary permeability.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Complement proteins act as opsonins by binding to microorganisms and promoting phagocytosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ingestion of certain lactic acid bacteria (LABs) has been shown to be beneficial for function and health of the intestinal tract.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is found normally in serum?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Activation of C5-C9 results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The dermis is composed of connective tissue and provides protection from the external environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is mismatched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A chill is a sign that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Macrophages arise from which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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