Question 1

A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   the numbers of each type of white blood cell.
B)   leukocytosis.
C)   leukopenia.
D)   the number of red blood cells.
E)   the total number of white blood cells.

Question 2

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to

Accepted Answer

A)   attach to microorganisms and other foreign material.
B)   undergo chemotaxis.
C)   migrate.
D)   engulf microorganisms and other foreign material.
E)   produce toxic oxygen products.

Question 3

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   diapedesis.
B)   chemotaxis.
C)   release of histamines and prostaglandins.
D)   antibody synthesis.
E)   dilation of blood vessels.

Question 4

The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A)   antigen-antibody reactions.
B)   factors released from damaged tissues.
C)   lipid- carbohydrate complexes and C3.
D)   C5-C9.
E)   factors released from phagocytes.

Question 5

Innate immunity

Accepted Answer

A)   provides increased susceptibility to disease.
B)   is slower than adaptive immunity in responding to pathogens.
C)   involves a memory component.
D)   involves T cells and B cells.
E)   is nonspecific and present at birth.

Question 6

Describe the nonspecific antimicrobial effects of mucus, lysozyme, and low pH. For each of these substances, list where they are found in the body and how they function in fighting pathogens.

Accepted Answer

Mucus, lysozyme, and low pH all play imp...

Question 7

All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   they are a type of lymphocyte.
B)   they release toxic substances that cause cell lysis or apoptosis.
C)   they have the ability to kill infected body cells and some tumor cells.
D)   they are found in tissues of the lymphatic system.
E)   they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis.

Question 8

The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to

Accepted Answer

A)   remove microorganisms from the gastrointestinal tract.
B)   propel inhaled dust and microorganisms toward the throat.
C)   remove microorganisms from the upper respiratory tract.
D)   remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract.
E)   trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucous and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract.

Question 9

The inflammatory response can only be triggered by an infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 10

Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   There are at least thirty complement proteins.
B)   Complement activity is antigen- specific.
C)   Complement increases after immunization.
D)   Factors B, D, and P cause cytolysis.
E)   All of the complement proteins are constantly active in serum. A

Question 12

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)   normal skin flora
B)   acidic skin secretions
C)   lysozyme
D)   mucociliary escalator
E)   phagocytosis in the inflammatory response

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cleaved fragments of some of the proteins act to increase inflammation.
B)   The C1 protein complex is initiated by antigen-antibody complexes.
C)   C3b causes opsonization.
D)   C3 is not involved in the classical pathway.
E)   C1 is the first protein activated in the classical pathway.

Question 14

After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   HOCl.
B)   OH·.
C)   complement.
D)   O2- .
E)   H2O2.

Question 15

TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   AMPs.
B)   peptidoglycan.
C)   LPS.
D)   flagellin.
E)   PAMPs.

Question 16

Which non- specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)   cerumen and sebum - ear
B)   lysozyme - tears and saliva
C)   keratin and tightly packed cells - skin
D)   mucociliary escalator - intestines
E)   very acidic pH- stomach

Question 17

Aspirin alleviates pain, inflammation, and fever by inhibiting prostaglandins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 18

All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulates T lymphocyte activity.
B)   intensifies the effect of antiviral interferons.
C)   is caused by interleukin- 1 and TNF- alpha coming into contact with the hypothalamus.
D)   can be initiated by specific types of pathogens.
E)   accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract.

Question 19

All of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   they disrupt stages of viral multiplication.
B)   they initiate transcription.
C)   they initiate manufacture of antiviral proteins.
D)   they are effective for long periods.
E)   they bind to the surface of uninfected cells.

Question 20

All of the following are affects of histamine EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   swelling.
B)   fever.
C)   redness.
D)   pain.
E)   vasodilation.

Exam 16: Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Innate immunity

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the nonspecific antimicrobial effects of mucus, lysozyme, and low pH. For each of these substances, list where they are found in the body and how they function in fighting pathogens.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIMucus, lysozyme, and low pH all play imp...View AnswerShow Answer

All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT

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The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to

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The inflammatory response can only be triggered by an infection.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which non- specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aspirin alleviates pain, inflammation, and fever by inhibiting prostaglandins.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are affects of histamine EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Answered by ExamLex AI
Mucus, lysozyme, and low pH all play imp...
View Answer

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False

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A

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True

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