Question 1

Mast cells can both constrict and dilate blood vessels after injury. Which of the following best explains why both of these events occur shortly after tissue is injured?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mast cells release one chemical messenger immediately after injury that constricts vessels to promote clotting; after bleeding has stopped, they release another messenger that causes those same vessels to dilate, which increases blood flow to promote healing.
B)   Mast cells release different chemical messengers, one that causes vessels away from the site of the injury to constrict to control blood loss, and another that causes vessels near the injury to dilate to promote quicker healing.
C)   Mast cells release different chemical messengers, one that causes constriction in the region of blood loss, and another that causes dilation away from the injury to promote quicker healing.
D)   Different blood vessels respond to the same messenger from mast cells in different ways-for example, larger vessels constrict to reduce blood loss while smaller ones dilate to promote blood flow to the injured tissue.

Question 2

It is commonly know that breast milk provides many benefits to a newborn baby because it provides immune benefits. Which of the following immunoglobulins play a role in this?

Accepted Answer

A)   IgA
B)   IgG
C)   IgE
D)   IgM

Question 3

What major advantage is conveyed by having a system of acquired immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)   It enables a rapid defence against an antigen that has been previously encountered.
B)   It enables an animal to counter most pathogens almost instantly.
C)   It allows for extremely precise specificity for defence against antigens.
D)   All of the above answers are correct.
E)   Answers A and C are both correct.

Question 4

If you were developing artificial B- cell receptors BCRs)  based on the natural version and wanted to change the BCRs' ability to bind certain antigens, which region of the natural receptor would you alter?

Accepted Answer

A)   carboxy terminus of light and heavy chains
B)   amino terminus of light and heavy chains
C)   transmembrane domain
D)   the region projecting into the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 5

A certain cell type has existed in the blood and tissue of its vertebrate host's immune system for over 20 years. One day, it recognizes a newly arrived antigen and binds to it, subsequently triggering a secondary immune response in the body. Which of the following cell types most accurately describes this cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   T cell
B)   memory cell
C)   secondary cell
D)   B cell

Question 6

You cut your finger, and after putting pressure on the wound for several minutes, you notice that it is still bleeding profusely. What may be the problem?

Accepted Answer

A)   Platelets are not functioning properly, or there are too few to be effective.
B)   Mast cells are not releasing their chemical messengers.
C)   There are too many antigens to allow clotting.
D)   Answers A and B are both correct.
E)   Answers B and C are both correct.

Question 7

What is the difference between a secondary immune response occurring without a vaccine compared to the same response occurring after a vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)   A person who has received a vaccine does not have a secondary response, while someone without a vaccine does.
B)   A person who has received a vaccine may have a secondary immune response on the first exposure to the normal, living pathogen.
C)   Even with a vaccine, someone must still go through development of memory cells before they can have a secondary response.
D)   All of the above answers apply.
E)   Only answers B and C apply.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are fundamental to the clonal- selection theory of how the adaptive immune system functions?
I. Each mature lymphocyte has a unique membrane receptor that recognizes one antigen.
II. When the lymphocyte binds an antigen, the lymphocyte is activated and begins dividing to form many ident copies of itself.
III. Cloned lymphocytes have slight differences and are selected by the spleen for removal if they do not bind an antigen.
IV. Cloned cells descend from an activated lymphocyte and persist even after the pathogen is eliminated.

Accepted Answer

A)   only I, II, and IV
B)   only II and IV
C)   only I and III
D)   only II, III, and IV
E)   I, II, III, and IV

Question 9

Which of the following is a difference between Class I and Class II major histocompatibility complex MHC)  proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)   Class I MHC proteins can be found on most cell types and signals that this cell has been compromised, while Class II proteins are found on cells of the immune system and are designed to activate immune responses.
B)   Class I MHC proteins are added to antigens in the cytoplasm, while Class II proteins are added to antigens in the Golgi apparatus.
C)   Class I and Class II MHC proteins have the same basic role, but individuals with particularly strong immune systems will have both types while most individuals have just one or the other.
D)   Class I MHC proteins signal the immune system to activate the cell displaying the message, while Class II proteins signal the immune system to destroy a particular cell.

Question 10

You and a friend are in line for a movie when you notice the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you have been equally exposed to the woman's virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquires flu- like symptoms and is ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

A)   You have an innate immunity to that virus.
B)   You have an acquired immunity to that virus.
C)   Your friend does not have the ability to fight off that particular virus.
D)   Answers B and C are both correct.

Question 11

Differences in the B- cell receptors of two different B cells are due to

Accepted Answer

A)   the rearrangement of C- region genes in that clone of responsive B cells.
B)   a switch in the kind of antigen- presenting cell that is involved in the immune response.
C)   a patient's reaction to the first kind of antibody made by the plasma cells.
D)   the recombination of variable regions of the light- chain and heavy- chain genes.
E)   mutation in the genes of that B cell, induced by exposure to the antigen.

Question 12

If a patient is missing B and T cells, what would be absent from the immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)   lysozymes
B)   memory
C)   the innate immune response
D)   cytokines
E)   defence against bacteria

Question 13

A small child falls down and cuts his knee. A few days later a scab forms over the wound. After a few weeks, the wound does not appear to be healing, but it is not infected. Which of the following could explain this?

Accepted Answer

A)   The child has a platelet deficiency.
B)   The child has a mast cell deficiency.
C)   The child has a cytokine deficiency.
D)   The child has a neutrophile deficiency.
E)   Answers C or D are possible.

Question 14

Lymphocytes are formed in what organs) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   spleen
B)   thymus
C)   bone marrow
D)   both A and C
E)   both B and C

Question 15

Which of the following is true of the humoral immune response and NOT true of the cell- mediated immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)   require CD8+ cells for activation
B)   involves T cells at some level
C)   involves destroying entire cells and not just the pathogen
D)   uses antibodies as its main weapon
E)   All of these answers are true of the humoral immune response and not true of the cell- mediated immune response.

Question 16

What do neutrophils and macrophages have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)   Both arrive simultaneously at a wound site.
B)   Both ingest and kill bacteria.
C)   Both secrete lysozymes.
D)   Both secrete cytokines.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes what an antigen is?

Accepted Answer

A)   a protein in the immune system that is used to identify potential pathogens
B)   a molecule, such as a polypeptide or carbohydrate, that initiates a response from the immune system
C)   a molecule that is used during an immune response to enhance the binding of antibodies to damaged cells
D)   all of the above

Question 18

Mucous occurs in both the respiratory and digestive tracts. What is its main immunological function?

Accepted Answer

A)   physically trapping pathogens
B)   sweeping away debris
C)   increasing oxygen absorption
D)   destruction of pathogens because it is acidic

Exam 48: The Immune System in Animals

Correct Answer
verified

What do neutrophils and macrophages have in common?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is true of the humoral immune response and NOT true of the cell- mediated immune response?

Correct Answer
verified

If a patient is missing B and T cells, what would be absent from the immune response?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a difference between Class I and Class II major histocompatibility complex MHC) proteins?

Correct Answer
verified

What major advantage is conveyed by having a system of acquired immunity?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

You cut your finger, and after putting pressure on the wound for several minutes, you notice that it is still bleeding profusely. What may be the problem?

Correct Answer
verified

Lymphocytes are formed in what organs) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Mucous occurs in both the respiratory and digestive tracts. What is its main immunological function?

Correct Answer
verified

Mast cells can both constrict and dilate blood vessels after injury. Which of the following best explains why both of these events occur shortly after tissue is injured?

Correct Answer
verified

Differences in the B- cell receptors of two different B cells are due to

Correct Answer
verified

It is commonly know that breast milk provides many benefits to a newborn baby because it provides immune benefits. Which of the following immunoglobulins play a role in this?

Correct Answer
verified

If you were developing artificial B- cell receptors BCRs) based on the natural version and wanted to change the BCRs' ability to bind certain antigens, which region of the natural receptor would you alter?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the difference between a secondary immune response occurring without a vaccine compared to the same response occurring after a vaccine?

Correct Answer
verified

A small child falls down and cuts his knee. A few days later a scab forms over the wound. After a few weeks, the wound does not appear to be healing, but it is not infected. Which of the following could explain this?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following best describes what an antigen is?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 48: The Immune System in Animals

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do neutrophils and macrophages have in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of the humoral immune response and NOT true of the cell- mediated immune response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a patient is missing B and T cells, what would be absent from the immune response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a difference between Class I and Class II major histocompatibility complex MHC) proteins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What major advantage is conveyed by having a system of acquired immunity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You cut your finger, and after putting pressure on the wound for several minutes, you notice that it is still bleeding profusely. What may be the problem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lymphocytes are formed in what organs) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mucous occurs in both the respiratory and digestive tracts. What is its main immunological function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mast cells can both constrict and dilate blood vessels after injury. Which of the following best explains why both of these events occur shortly after tissue is injured?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Differences in the B- cell receptors of two different B cells are due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is commonly know that breast milk provides many benefits to a newborn baby because it provides immune benefits. Which of the following immunoglobulins play a role in this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you were developing artificial B- cell receptors BCRs) based on the natural version and wanted to change the BCRs' ability to bind certain antigens, which region of the natural receptor would you alter?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the difference between a secondary immune response occurring without a vaccine compared to the same response occurring after a vaccine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A small child falls down and cuts his knee. A few days later a scab forms over the wound. After a few weeks, the wound does not appear to be healing, but it is not infected. Which of the following could explain this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes what an antigen is?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Correct Answer
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