A) she became the second female Supreme Court justice ever appointed to the Court.
B) justices became more conservative in their ideological orientations.
C) the commerce clause was struck down by liberal justices.
D) she became the first Hispanic Supreme Court justice.
E) the Supreme Court lost its swing votes.
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A) accepted few controversial cases for review.
B) accepted many controversial cases for review.
C) began a leftward drift.
D) struck down a federal law banning partial-birth abortion.
E) struck down the use of lethal injection as an execution method.
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A) Higher courts can reverse lower court rulings.
B) Courts do not have jurisdiction in a case.
C) The court may refer a case to the next lowest court.
D) Judges must follow the precedents established by past decisions.
E) Judges must be guided by strict interpretation.
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A) judicial restraint
B) judicial activism
C) habeas corpus
D) the rule of four
E) stare decisis
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A) U.S. attorney general.
B) U.S. senator.
C) professors of law.
D) federal executive posts.
E) private legal practice or state or federal judgeship.
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A) has now acquired it own police force.
B) has no enforcement powers and depends on the cooperation of the other two branches of government to carry out its decisions.
C) does not make decisions that have to be enforced.
D) allows Congress to set up legislative review.
E) originally had enforcement powers, but those powers have since been eroded by federal legislation.
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A) a press release.
B) a recommendation to Congress.
C) advice to the President.
D) the Court's ruling on the issue presented, its reasoning, and applicable law.
E) a ruling when it hears oral arguments.
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A) Senate approving judges only if they belong to the same party that is in control of the Senate.
B) practice of allowing senators to have the exclusive right to nominate candidates for the federal district courts in their state.
C) practice of allowing members of the House to participate in the nomination process.
D) practice of allowing a senator to veto a judicial appointment for federal district courts in his or her state.
E) Senate's deferring to the president and routinely approving his or her nominees.
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A) ask the Court to hear the case again.
B) send the case back to a lower court.
C) may ask that the case be put aside to be reviewed at a later time.
D) write a dissenting opinion.
E) file an amicus curiae brief.
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A) precedent.
B) criminal law.
C) judicial maxim.
D) common law.
E) statutory law.
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A) The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the land, with the exception of presidential mandates.
B) The United States Constitution is also considered case law.
C) The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
D) The United States Constitution is limited by statutes that are passed by legislatures.
E) The United States Constitution is less powerful than state constitutions.
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A) a legal argument supporting a desired outcome of a case, filed by an interested third party not directly involved in the case.
B) a request that the Supreme Court order a lower court to send up the records of a case.
C) a Supreme Court order barring further testimony during oral arguments.
D) the belief that the Supreme Court should actively practice judicial review.
E) a legal argument made regarding a hypothetical or purely academic question.
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A) Enemy combatants could be held indefinitely.
B) Enemy combatants are treated like prisoners of war.
C) Enemy combatants are not supposed to be detained by military tribunals.
D) Enemy combatants could request warrants without having to justify the request.
E) Enemy combatants were reclassified as enemy aliens.
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A) administrative regulations.
B) criminal law.
C) judicial maxims.
D) common law.
E) statutory law.
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A) Democratic ideology
B) Republican ideology
C) judicial activism
D) broad construction
E) strict construction
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A) Appeals court judges are far more numerous than federal district court appointments.
B) Appeals court judges are usually selected because of their important position in state governments.
C) Appeals court judges are usually Senators.
D) Appeals court appointments are often "steppingstones" to the Supreme Court.
E) Appeals court judges are less influential than federal district judges.
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A) When the Supreme Court's written opinion is unsigned
B) When a ruling is invalidated
C) When an opinion is ruled temporary, pending future decisions
D) When an opinion is valid only for academic use
E) When an opinion is an indication that the Court plans to review the case at a later date
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