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Exam 12: Intermolecular Forces and Liquids

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Question 1

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As pure molecular solids,which of the following exhibits dipole-dipole intermolecular forces: HBr,NBr₃,SBr₂,and CBr₄?

A) HBr only
B) CBr₄ only
C) HBr and SBr₂
D) NBr₃ and CBr₄
E) HBr,NBr₃,and SBr₂

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Question 2

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Two important allotropes of phosphorus are white phosphorus and red phosphorus.White phosphorus,P₄,has a melting point of 44.1 °C and spontaneously reacts with oxygen.Red phosphorus,a network solid,melts at 280 °C and is stable in air.Use your knowledge of intermolecular and intramolecular bonding to explain why these two forms of the same element have such different properties.

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White phosphorus is a molecular solid composed of tetrahedral P₄ molecules.The P₄ molecules are held together by London dispersion forces.Red phosphorus is a network solid; all phosphorus atoms are connected through covalent bonds.It is easier to disrupt the weaker London dispersion forces of P₄ than it is to break the covalent bonds of red phosphorus.

Question 3

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following liquids has the lowest enthalpy of vaporization?

For a particular liquid,raising its temperature from 331 K to 351 K causes its vapor pressure to double.What is the enthalpy of vaporization of this liquid? (R = 8.314 J/K · mol)

Which of the following intermolecular forces or bonds is primarily responsible for the solubility of methanol ( CH₃OH) in water?

Arrange Cl₂,ICl,and Br₂ in order from lowest to highest boiling point.

As pure molecular solids,which of the following exhibit only induced dipole/induced dipole forces: CO₂,CH₂Cl₂,and SO₂?

At its boiling point of 58.8 °C,2.82 kJ of heat is required to vaporize 15.0 g of bromine (Br₂) .What is the molar enthalpy of vaporization of bromine?

Which one of the following statements is false?

If 4.61 g of water is sealed in an evacuated 3.35 L flask and heated to the normal boiling point of 373 K,what is the pressure in the flask? (R = 0.08206 L⋅atm/mol⋅K)

On a relative basis,the weaker the intermolecular forces in a substance are,

The enthalpy change for condensation is equal but opposite in sign to the enthalpy of vaporization.

Which of the following is the slope of the line that illustrates the relationship between the natural logarithm of the vapor pressure of a gas and the reciprocal of its temperature (in kelvin) ?

Which ion,K⁺ or Ca²⁺,is expected to have the more negative enthalpy of hydration? Why?

Which one of the following sets of ions are listed in order of lowest to highest hydration energy?

A cup of oil takes longer to pour from a glass than a cup of water.A liquid's resistance to flow is referred to as its ________.

A molecule will always be polar if it ___.

A particular compound has an enthalpy of vaporization of 29600 J/mol.At 274 K it has a vapor pressure of 103 mmHg.What is its vapor pressure at 309 K? (R = 8.31 J/K·mol; 1 atm = 760 mmHg)

Mount Everest rises to a height of 8.850 × 10³ m above sea level.At this height,the atmospheric pressure is 231 mm Hg.At what temperature (in °C) will water boil at the summit of Mount Everest? The vapor pressure of water at 373 K is 760.0 mm Hg.(Δ_vapH° for H₂O = 40.7 kJ/mol and R = 8.314 J/K ⋅ mol)

What is responsible for capillary action,a property of liquids?