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The ________ life-events approach emphasized the manner in which life events that influence an individual's development depends not only on these events but also on mediating factors.


A) contemporary
B) standard
C) cognitive
D) assimilative

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In Erikson's theory, adults strive for generativity to achieve a sense of


A) immortality.
B) recognition.
C) achievement.
D) omniscience.

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Identify the term that is applied to young adults who return to their parents' homes to live.

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Boomerang ...

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Middle-aged Americans agree that a major component of their well-being involves


A) physical health.
B) positive relationships.
C) recovering from a midlife crisis.
D) a stable financial situation.

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In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following characteristics was generally stable in the life span of an adult?


A) nurturance
B) hostility
C) self-control
D) self-confidence

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Diana is fun-loving, sociable, and affectionate with all her friends and acquaintances. Identify the Big Five personality factor that describes this aspect of Diana's personality.


A) extraversion
B) conscientiousness
C) neuroticism
D) agreeableness

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According to Levinson, which of the following should occur at the end of one's teens?


A) a transition from dependence to independence
B) an increase in generativity
C) an increase in feelings of stagnation
D) a transition from conventional to postconventional reasoning

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Which of the following statements is true of grandparents providing full-time care for their grandchildren?


A) At least half of the grandparents who move in with their children are nonimmigrants.
B) The majority of grandparents who move in with their children and grandchildren are in poverty.
C) More grandfathers than grandmothers take care of their grandchildren.
D) The majority of grandparents who move in to take care of their grandchildren also contribute to the family income.

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Which of the following is a major difference between Levinson's and Valliant's views on midlife?


A) Unlike Valliant, Levinson believes that only males experience a midlife crisis.
B) Unlike Levinson, Valliant maintains that only a minority of adults experience a midlife crisis.
C) Levinson maintains that the transition period to midlife is 6 years, while Valliant holds it to be 8 years.
D) Unlike Levinson, Valliant's study was mainly focused on white, middle-aged, male population within the upper SES of society.

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Katie, a 30-year-old woman, is working as a freelance writer. Recently, she decided to move in with her parents. However, both Katie and her parents are facing adjustment issues. According to research, which of the following is most likely a common complaint voiced by both Katie and her parents?


A) a lack of social interaction
B) a lack of career development
C) an increased strain on finances
D) a loss of privacy

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According to research on intergenerational relationships, in which of the following ways is an adult child most likely to be similar to his or her parents?


A) in politics
B) in lifestyle
C) in gender roles
D) in work orientation

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In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following characteristics generally changed the most in the life span of an adult?


A) intellectual orientation
B) nurturance or hostility
C) openness to experience
D) self-confidence

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Don and Ellie have been married for over 30 years. Which of the following is likely to be MOST important in their relationship?


A) romance
B) passion
C) infatuation
D) security

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In Erikson's theory, ________ encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation.


A) self-actualization
B) generativity
C) self-absorption
D) perpetuity

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As he looks back at life, Chris realizes that his work was not as important to him as he believed and that he lost too much valuable time with his children. If he could do it over again, he would work less and spend more time with his children. According to Erikson, Chris is experiencing some degree of


A) social rejection.
B) apathy.
C) generativity.
D) stagnation.

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Trevor and Michelle's last child has just left home to attend college. According to a study conducted by Gorchoff, John, and Helson in 2008, this will most likely be a time when


A) Trevor and Michelle will grow emotionally distant.
B) Michelle will feel depressed, but Trevor will not.
C) Trevor and Michelle will spend less time together as they both pursue outside interests.
D) Trevor and Michelle will have increased marital satisfaction.

Correct Answer

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Chelsea is described as somber and reserved by her coworkers. According to the Big Five factors of personality, Chelsea is most likely to score low on


A) extraversion.
B) openness to experience.
C) conscientiousness.
D) agreeableness.

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Which of the following statements is true of George Vaillant's longitudinal studies of adulthood and aging?


A) Factors such as having good coping skills and being thankful were linked with the "happy-well" category.
B) Only individuals with normal weight were more likely to be alive and happy at 75 to 80 years of age.
C) Intimacy in middle age was more strongly related than generativity whether individuals would have an enduring and happy marriage at 75 to 80 years of age.
D) Wealth and income at age 50 were usually linked with being in the "happy-well" category at 75 to 80 years of age.

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A study by Briley, Domiteaux, and Tucker-Drob (2014) revealed that ________ was related to superior cognitive functioning and IQ across the life span.


A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) extraversion
D) neuroticism

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A recent study by Specht, Egloff, and Schukle found that ________ showed a continuous increase from early adulthood to late adulthood.


A) agreeableness
B) extraversion
C) conscientiousness
D) openness

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