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According to Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development, the stage in which children begin to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas is called the


A) sensorimotor stage.
B) preoperational stage.
C) concrete operational stage.
D) formal operational stage.

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A retirement party, a high-school graduation party, and a confirmation party are all examples of


A) role taking.
B) impression management.
C) rites of passage.
D) face-work.

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The child of about eight or nine years of age begins to consider several tasks and relationships simultaneously. At this point in development, children grasp not only their own social positions but also those of others around them. Mead calls this stage the


A) preparatory stage.
B) play stage.
C) imitative stage.
D) game stage.

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Which term is refers to a person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior?


A) personality
B) social promotion
C) socialization
D) human nature

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Starting around age 40, adults often experience a stressful period of self-evaluation, commonly known as


A) resocialization.
B) a degradation ceremony.
C) a midlife crisis.
D) anticipatory socialization.

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The methods of celebrating rites of passage can provide a means of dramatizing and validating changes in a person's status.

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True

Retirement is not a single transition, but rather a series of adjustments that varies from one person another.

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In the early 1900s, Charles Horton Cooley advanced the belief that we learn who we are by interacting with others.

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Describe the ways in which the media impacts youth in the U.S.

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Debbie attends her first day of school, and when she returns home, she "plays school" with her younger brother. As part of this play activity, Debbie duplicates all of the behaviors that were performed by her teacher during the day. According to George Herbert Mead, Debbie is in which stage of development?


A) the preparatory stage
B) the imitative stage
C) the play stage
D) the game stage

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According to George Herbert Mead's stages of the self, the preparatory stage occurs when


A) children imitate the people around them, particularly family members.
B) children become able to pretend to be other people.
C) children grasp not only their own social positions but also those of others around them.
D) we observe ourselves through the looking-glass self.

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The analysis of Isabelle is important because it emphasizes the relevance of


A) twin studies in sociology and psychology.
B) the consistency of the developmental processes.
C) the sensorimotor stage of development.
D) social interaction in human development.

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Girls are socialized differently than boys within the U.S.

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The term significant others is


A) Charles Horton Cooley's term for a child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole.
B) George Herbert Mead's term for altering the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences.
C) George Herbert Mead's term for those individuals who are most important in the development of the self.
D) George Herbert Mead's term for the sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others.

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Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys indicated that


A) early childhood deprivation could always be reversed with intense resocialization.
B) social isolation had a damaging effect on the monkeys.
C) there was no comparison between the development of the monkeys and human development.
D) midlife deprivation was more serious than early childhood deprivation.

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B

In total institutions, people are subjected to humiliating rituals known as


A) degradation ceremonies.
B) resocialization.
C) anticipatory socialization.
D) reverse socialization.

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The self is the


A) distinct identity that sets us apart from others.
B) child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole.
C) child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of the people who are most important in his or her life.
D) person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior.

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A

Becky has a toy vacuum. She often pushes it around the living room. Becky is in the


A) preparatory stage.
B) game stage.
C) play stage.
D) concrete operational stage.

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According to the concept of the looking-glass self, development of one's self-identity based on misperceptions may lead to


A) an increase in self-esteem.
B) the sensorimotor stage of development.
C) destruction of the looking-glass self.
D) a negative self-identity.

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Which of the following is the third stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development?


A) the preoperational stage
B) the concrete operational stage
C) the formal operational stage
D) the sensorimotor stage

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