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Exam 23: Global Conservation of Biodiversity

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Question 1

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Which of the following is NOT a cause of declining genetic diversity?

A) inbreeding depression
B) declining population sizes
C) bottleneck effect
D) mutation

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Question 2

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Nutrient cycling is an example of a _____ service.

A) regulating
B) cultural
C) supporting
D) provisioning

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Question 3

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How has agriculture led to losses of genetic diversity? Why is this a problem?

Of the 607 species of conifers, how many have gone extinct?

The carbon-sequestering ability of tropical rainforests is an example of a _____ service.

Which of the following describes intrinsic values of biodiversity?

Methylmercury is an organic mercury compound that is a waste product of industrial processes and also results from the burning of fossil fuels. Methylmercury has been shown to increase up food chains by biomagnification. Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) can have tissue concentrations of methylmercury of 0.69 ppm (parts per million). Assuming a food web that starts with phytoplankton (0.00069 ppm) and a 10-fold biomagnification from each level in the food chain to the next level, calculate the concentration of methylmercury at each level in the food chain. How many levels are there in the food chain, including the phytoplankton and the tuna?

Explain how an insecticide like DDT, which was found in low concentrations in water after its application for insect control, nearly caused the loss of species like the bald eagle in some places in the United States during the 1960s.

In the calculation of half-life, N₀ represents the

The half-life of a contaminant is calculated as

It has been documented (see Figure 23.12) that forest cover has declined in many regions of the world for nearly the past 20 years. In other parts of the world, forest cover has increased during this time. Why do conservation biologists see both of these developments as potentially problematic for biodiversity?

Which of the following is NOT a category of instrumental values?

Flood control is an example of a _____ service.

Which chemical caused declines in predatory bird populations in the 1950s and 1960s in the United States?

The northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) was saved from extinction by

Over the past 20 years, sea levels have been rising at a rate of _____ millimeters per year.

What is the process by which the concentration of a contaminant increases as it moves up the food chain?

Declines in genetic diversity can

The beauty of a national park is an example of a _____ service.

The most recent mass extinction event occurred