Exam 10: Writing Correct and Effective Sentences

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A type of modifier that lacks an anteced...

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One of the four strategies listed in Cha...

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A) An arthritis sufferer typically takes medications daily.
B) People with advanced cases of scleroderma should avoid cold climates.
C) A person with severe rheumatoid arthritis is likely to be confined to a wheelchair.
D) The young men in the support group were abnormal, as systemic lupus is a disability not commonly seen in young males.

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A) It is a way to teach English to elementary-school children.
B) It is writing that has been dumbed down.
C) It is a set of about 1,000 English words used for writing technical manuals in certain industries.
D) It is English written in sentences with five or fewer words.

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A) The list is not punctuated correctly.
B) The list is not parallel in structure.
C) The lead-in is not grammatically complete.
D) The list uses the wrong verb tense.

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A) There are four ways in which investment in clean energy can be increased.
B) Investment in clean energy can be increased in four ways.
C) It is hoped that these changes will improve the usability of the website.
D) There is a possibility that the use of these techniques will result in cost savings.

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A euphemism is a figure of speech that replaces a word or phrase that might be considered harsh, impolite, unpleasant, or sensitive with a milder or less abrasive term. Euphemisms are often used to address subjects that could be deemed inappropriate for direct conversation, such as death, sex, bodily functions, or profanity. They serve to soften the impact of what is being discussed, making it more palatable or acceptable in social and formal contexts. For example, instead of saying someone "died," one might say they "passed away" or "went to a better place." These phrases are euphemisms that help to lessen the harsh reality of death. Similarly, instead of saying someone was "fired" from their job, one might say they were "let go" or "given the opportunity to pursue other interests," which sounds less severe and more positive. Euphemisms are a common part of everyday language and can be found in various aspects of communication, from casual conversation to political discourse. They can be useful in maintaining politeness and avoiding offense, but they can also be criticized for obscuring the truth or diminishing the seriousness of a situation.

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A) Avoid euphemisms.
B) Avoid unnecessarily fancy words.
C) Avoid wordy phrases and filler.
D) Avoid sexist language.

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A) Use commas to separate it from the rest of the sentence.
B) Use dashes to separate it from the rest of the sentence.
C) Add no extra punctuation.
D) Precede it with a comma and the word which.

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A) Since 2000, city buses and trains have been retrofitted to accommodate wheelchair-bound passengers.
B) By adding captions to our videos, we can make them more accessible for hearing-loss sufferers.
C) Our health insurance company has a dedicated team to help members with intellectual disabilities navigate the healthcare system.
D) Visually handicapped users might have difficulty with the graphics on our website.

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To avoid causing confusion when using clusters of adjectives, you can follow these two guidelines: 1. **Order of Adjectives**: In English, when multiple adjectives are used to describe a noun, they are typically ordered according to a specific hierarchy. This hierarchy is often remembered by the acronym "OSASCOMP," which stands for Opinion, Size, Age, Shape, Color, Origin, Material, and Purpose. Adjectives should be placed in a sentence in this order. For example, you would say "a beautiful small old round red Italian leather handbag" rather than mixing up the order of these descriptive words. By following this conventional sequence, you ensure that the description is clear and sounds natural to native speakers. 2. **Use of Commas and 'and'**: When you have two or more adjectives that are of the same category or are equally important in describing the noun, you should separate them with commas or use 'and'. However, if the adjectives are of different categories (as per the OSASCOMP rule), you typically do not need to separate them with commas. For example, "She wore a bright, colorful scarf" uses a comma because "bright" and "colorful" are both opinion adjectives. In contrast, "She wore a bright yellow scarf" does not use a comma because "bright" is an opinion adjective and "yellow" is a color adjective. By following these two guidelines, you can use clusters of adjectives effectively without causing confusion for the reader or listener.

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A) The adventurer walked for days and days, for weeks on end, for what seemed like an eternity; he found himself in a state of perpetual exhaustion.
B) He is a little bit sour, she is a little bit sweet, and I am a little bit stale.
C) I left the room when he yelled at me.
D) Vote for Pedro he will represent you well.

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A) at the beginning of the sentence
B) in the middle of the sentence
C) after a semicolon
D) at the end of the sentence

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False

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One of the four cases in which it is bet...

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A) adjectival phrase
B) prepositional phrase
C) transitional phrase
D) adverbial phrase

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