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Exam 8: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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Evidence from neuroeconomics studies suggests that we make better decisions when which brain areas are active?

A) areas associated with emotions
B) areas associated with reward
C) areas associated with sensation and perception
D) areas associated with attentional control

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Question 32

Multiple Choice

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According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, a person's native language shape

A) the understanding of syntax.
B) the speed with which the language is acquired.
C) the length of the critical period.
D) their thinking processes.

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Question 33

Multiple Choice

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Recent research using neuroimaging during cognitive tasks has found that __________, as evidenced by patterns of brain activation.

In order to conclusively show that animals do use language, one would have to demonstrate that

Syntax is

Which of the following is a common source of top-down processing?

Evidence from brain imaging studies reveals that visual areas of the brain are active when we think about objects and motor areas are active when we think about actions. Which model of the mind does this evidence support?

Lottery ads tend to emphasize the odds of winning, to encourage people to buy tickets. Treatments for gambling addictions tend to emphasize the odds of losing, in order to make gambling seem less appealing. What differs between these two approaches?

Which of the following decisions would most likely rely on System 1 thinking, rather than System 2 thinking?

The textbook authors note that the word for mother in most languages begins with an "m" or "n" sound. They speculate that this may be because

Using the word quack to describe the sound that a duck makes is an example of

Rosario lives in southern Italy, and Genero lives in northern Italy. Both speak Italian and can understand each other, but their language varies according to their geographical areas. What feature of language reflects these variations?

In which of the following circumstances would the person be least susceptible to interference on the Stroop task?

Dr. Doolittle is studying the order in which children around the world learn to make the speech sounds used in their native languages, to see if there are common patterns. Dr. Doolittle's approach to the analysis of language is at the level of

A language acquisition device (LAD) is

Language is based on sound units called

Allan is a birdwatcher, and when he sees a new flying creature one day while on a walk, he does not need to discover that it flies, chirps, and eats worms and bugs to recognize that it is a bird. Allan is using __________ to help him achieve cognitive economy and categorize his world.

To demonstrate the automaticity of language, participants performing the __________ task must suppress their attention to printed words to identify the colour of the ink.

Dr. Fortner is discussing cognitive psychology with his introductory psychology class and says that we act as 'cognitive misers' when making judgments about others or making decisions. What does Dr. Fortner mean by this statement?

The brain's tendency to streamline our thinking processes by use of preexisting knowledge is referred to as