Question 1

Your activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)   short-term
B)   implicit
C)   sensory
D)   explicit

Question 2

Encoding verbal information semantically involves

Accepted Answer

A)   shallow processing.
B)   echoic memory.
C)   deep processing.
D)   iconic memory.

Question 3

Textbook chapters are often organized into ________ to facilitate information processing.

Accepted Answer

A)   mnemonic devices
B)   chunks
C)   hierarchies
D)   recognizable units

Question 4

The importance of effortful processing for long-term retention is best illustrated by

Accepted Answer

A)   the testing effect.
B)   implicit memory.
C)   the misinformation effect.
D)   repression.

Question 5

The difference between automatic and effortful processing best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the two-track mind.
B)   the misinformation effect.
C)   mood-congruent memory.
D)   the serial position effect.

Question 6

The semantic processing of the words in a short poem illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   procedural memory.
B)   the peg-word system.
C)   the serial position effect.
D)   deep processing.

Question 7

Instead of simply repeating a series of numbers he wants to remember, David mentally associates the numbers with meaningful dates such as his friends' birthdays. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the serial position effect.
B)   automatic processing.
C)   procedural memory.
D)   deep processing.

Question 8

Peterson and Peterson demonstrated that unrehearsed short-term memories for three consonants almost completely decay in as short a time as

Accepted Answer

A)   12 seconds.
B)   1 minute.
C)   12 minutes.
D)   1 hour.

Question 9

The three steps in memory information processing are

Accepted Answer

A)   input, processing, output.
B)   input, storage, output.
C)   input, storage, retrieval.
D)   encoding, storage, retrieval.

Question 10

An information-processing model that views memories as emerging from the simultaneous activation of interconnected neural networks is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   LTP.
B)   mnemonics.
C)   connectionism.
D)   the peg-word system.

Question 11

The retention of encoded information over time refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   effortful processing.
B)   implicit memory.
C)   repression.
D)   storage.

Question 12

Memory for skills is called

Accepted Answer

A)   explicit memory.
B)   declarative memory.
C)   prime memory.
D)   implicit memory.

Question 13

We encode implicit memories by means of

Accepted Answer

A)   recall.
B)   repression.
C)   automatic processing.
D)   the peg-word system.

Question 14

Varsity basketball players can recall the positions of the players after a 4-second glance at a basketball play. This ability is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)   explicit memory.
B)   chunking.
C)   deep processing.
D)   mood-congruent memory.

Question 15

Tim, a third-grader, learns the sentence "George Eats Old Gray Rats and Paints Houses Yellow" to help him remember the spelling of "geography." Tim is using

Accepted Answer

A)   a mnemonic technique.
B)   the spacing effect.
C)   implicit memory.
D)   the peg-word system.

Question 16

Effortful processing most clearly requires

Accepted Answer

A)   iconic memory.
B)   implicit memory.
C)   flashbulb memory.
D)   working memory.

Question 17

The persistence of learning over time most clearly depends on

Accepted Answer

A)   effortful processing.
B)   retrieval.
C)   visual encoding.
D)   memory.

Question 18

The spacing effect means that

Accepted Answer

A)   distributed study yields better retention than cramming.
B)   retention is improved when encoding and retrieval are separated by no more than 1 hour.
C)   learning causes a reduction in the size of the synaptic gap between certain neurons.
D)   delaying retrieval until memory has consolidated improves recall.

Question 19

When Gordon Bower presented words grouped by category or in random order, recall was

Accepted Answer

A)   the same for all words.
B)   better for the categorized words.
C)   better for the random words.
D)   improved when participants developed their own mnemonic devices.

Question 20

Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues?

Accepted Answer

A)   recognition
B)   recall
C)   relearning
D)   rehearsal

Exam 23: Studying and Building Memories

The three steps in memory information processing are

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An information-processing model that views memories as emerging from the simultaneous activation of interconnected neural networks is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Peterson and Peterson demonstrated that unrehearsed short-term memories for three consonants almost completely decay in as short a time as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Textbook chapters are often organized into ________ to facilitate information processing.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Instead of simply repeating a series of numbers he wants to remember, David mentally associates the numbers with meaningful dates such as his friends' birthdays. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Gordon Bower presented words grouped by category or in random order, recall was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The retention of encoded information over time refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The difference between automatic and effortful processing best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tim, a third-grader, learns the sentence "George Eats Old Gray Rats and Paints Houses Yellow" to help him remember the spelling of "geography." Tim is using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The persistence of learning over time most clearly depends on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Varsity basketball players can recall the positions of the players after a 4-second glance at a basketball play. This ability is best explained in terms of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The spacing effect means that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Encoding verbal information semantically involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Effortful processing most clearly requires

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The importance of effortful processing for long-term retention is best illustrated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The semantic processing of the words in a short poem illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We encode implicit memories by means of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Memory for skills is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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