Exam 3: Federalism: Citizenship and the Dispersal of Power

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The Supreme Court's position on federali...

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A) a reserved power.
B) a concurrent power.
C) an enumerated power.
D) an implicit power.
E) a prohibited power.

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A) They believed that the domestic interests of the people were best represented by state governments, and that the national government should confine itself largely to foreign affairs.
B) They believed that the best way to regulate the excesses of big business was to leave the free market alone to regulate itself.
C) They were dismayed by the overarching regulatory powers claimed by previous administrations and actively worked to pare down presidential intervention in the economy.
D) In the interests of a vibrant economy, they put the resources of the national government behind the growth of large corporate interests while ignoring the social problems caused by big business.
E) They believed that the national government should play an active role in regulating domestic manufacturing, trade, and other aspects of the economy.

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A) in a conflict between federal and state laws, the former will override the latter.
B) in the federal system established by the Constitution, the true source of sovereignty is in the people.
C) federal laws will be supreme in the national sphere, and state laws will be supreme in local affairs.
D) as a sovereign institution, the only limits that the federal government need obey are ones that it establishes for itself.
E) despite temporarily sacrificing certain powers to the federal government, the state governments remain sovereign entities.

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A) categorical grant
B) block grant
C) program grant
D) formula grant
E) unfunded mandate

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A) enumerated powers.
B) reserved powers.
C) concurrent powers.
D) implied powers.
E) prohibited powers.

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The character of federal-state relations today is complex and constantly evolving. The federal government wields significant influence over the states, particularly in areas such as funding, regulation, and policy implementation. The federal government can use a variety of tools to coerce state compliance with federal measures, including the withholding of federal funding, the threat of legal action, and the imposition of sanctions or penalties. States, however, also have means to resist federal initiatives. They can challenge federal laws and regulations in court, refuse to implement federal policies, or pass their own laws and regulations that contradict or undermine federal measures. Additionally, states can form coalitions and alliances to collectively resist federal overreach and advocate for their own interests. Overall, federal-state relations are characterized by a delicate balance of power and ongoing negotiation between the federal government and the states. The extent of federal influence and the ability of states to resist federal initiatives depend on the specific issue at hand, the political climate, and the willingness of both parties to engage in cooperative or confrontational tactics.

A) using taxation policies to coerce businesses to adopt national standards for worker rights.
B) forcing states to abide by federal standards for worker and citizen rights.
C) withholding money from states for other purposes until they removed harmful discriminatory barriers.
D) moving to a greater use of block grants so that states could implement related local programs.
E) targeting money directly at citizen groups and local governments.

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A) categorical grant.
B) block grant.
C) program grant.
D) formula grant.
E) unfunded mandate.

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B

A) James Marshall
B) Thomas Jefferson
C) Alexander Hamilton
D) John Adams
E) Andrew Jackson

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B

A) Ronald Reagan
B) Franklin Roosevelt
C) Woodrow Wilson
D) Theodore Roosevelt
E) Richard Nixon

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A) The Supreme Court overturns a federal law by declaring it unconstitutional.
B) The president vetoes a congressional law because he believes that its provisions are unconstitutional.
C) The Supreme Court overturns a state law by declaring it constitutional.
D) Congressmen repeal a law passed by an earlier Congress because they believe that the law is unconstitutional.
E) A state government declares that a federal law, which it is unconstitutional, will not be enforced within the state.

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The relationships among the states in th...

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A) cooperative federalism
B) dual federalism
C) new federalism
D) laissez-faire federalism
E) social federalism

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A) state governments to recognize and uphold the legal judgments of other states.
B) state governments to share a single set of legal standards, established by the national government.
C) the federal government to recognize the ultimate authority of state governments in all purely local matters.
D) the national government to balance its budget at least every ten years.
E) state governments to respect and protect their citizens' religious beliefs in all cases in which those beliefs present no direct harm to the community.

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A) supremacy of the federal government over state governments.
B) right of citizens to seek redress from onerous state laws through federal courts.
C) need for the national and state governments to embrace a single, uniform regulatory code.
D) right of state governments to experiment with innovative public policies.
E) power of the Supreme Court to overturn state policies that are not founded on longstanding legislative tradition.

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A) He abandoned his economic interventionism and restored a purely free-market economy.
B) He threatened to pack the Court with new appointees who would vote in favor of his policies.
C) He temporarily suspended the Court's power of judicial review, restoring it only after World War II had lifted the U.S. out of the Great Depression.
D) He convinced Congress to allow him to replace the existing justices with appointees who were more sympathetic to his political goals.
E) He worked closely with the justices in order to develop more moderate programs, on which both he and they could agree.

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A) retain the ability to enact original legislation.
B) lose the ability to enact original legislation.
C) retain their full sovereignty over their jurisdictions.
D) are fully absorbed within the national government.
E) do not recognize the existence of a national government.

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