A) whales
B) sharks
C) sea otters
D) lobsters
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A) In the Gulf of Mexico
B) In the upper atmosphere
C) Along the Gulf Coast of the United States,where rivers feed into the ocean
D) Off the east coast of the United States
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A) A glass bottle discarded into a garbage can at a convenience store in Seattle,Washington
B) Debris from a ship that capsized and sank in a storm off the coast of Japan
C) A toy army soldier flushed down the toilet in Los Angeles,California
D) A barrel of hazardous waste illegally dumped off the coast of Chile
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A) the use of aquaculture
B) saltwater capture fisheries
C) ocean temperature
D) volumes of the major rivers of the world
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A) Fertilizer- enriched runoff from agricultural fields
B) Trash dumped from a ship
C) Wastes from an industrial facility
D) Sewage from a municipal sewage treatment plant
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A
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A) The increased melting of Arctic glaciers would increase the flow of cold water into the Arctic Ocean,resulting in an increased density of the Arctic Ocean.
B) The increased melting of Arctic glaciers would increase runoff into the Arctic Ocean,raising sea levels and causing thermohaline circulation patterns to reverse direction and flow away from,rather than toward,the Arctic Ocean.
C) The increased melting of Arctic glaciers would increase the flow of ions into the Arctic Ocean,increasing the salinity and density of the Arctic Ocean.
D) The increased melting of Arctic glaciers would increase the flow of fresh water into the Arctic Ocean,resulting in decreased salinity and density of the Arctic Ocean.
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A) Eutrophication aids the ecosystems by providing needed limiting nutrients,such as phosphorus.
B) Eutrophication is rare and occurs only in bad weather.
C) Eutrophication can kill fish.
D) Eutrophication can aid corals by killing parasites.
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A) a coral reef ecosystem that has experienced bleaching because of changes in water temperature
B) a landform created from the silt that moves down a river and into the ocean
C) a person who compiles and analyzes statistics to determine the maximum allowable catch for fish and other seafood
D) a biologically rich area where a river flows into the ocean,where fresh- and saltwater mix
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A) Salt is only slightly soluble in cold water,so salinity always decreases with water temperature.
B) Warm water is evaporating at the surface,so the water becomes saltier at the surface.
C) The increase in density and pressure with depth causes salt to precipitate out of the water,so the water becomes less salty with depth in the mixed layer.
D) Salt water is less dense than fresh water,so water with the highest salt content would rise to the surface.
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A) La Niña
B) El Niño
C) EPSWW Eastern Pacific Shallow Water Warming)
D) the Coriolis effect
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A) Continental zone
B) Coastal zone
C) Surface zone
D) Reef zone
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A) Density generally increases and temperature generally decreases with depth.
B) Warm tropical waters are denser than waters at high latitudes.
C) Density and temperature generally increase with depth.
D) The densest and warmest waters are found in the tropics.
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A
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A) benthic
B) intertidal
C) photic
D) pelagic
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A) Trade winds weaken,causing droughts in the United States and Southeast Asia.
B) Trade winds weaken,causing greater upwelling of cold water off the west coast of South America.
C) Trade winds strengthen,causing greater upwelling of cold water off the west coast of South America.
D) Trade winds strengthen,causing the waters in the tropical eastern Pacific to become warmer than normal.
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A) decreasing both the temperature and the pH of the oceans
B) increasing the temperature and decreasing the pH of the oceans
C) decreasing the temperature and increasing the pH of the oceans
D) increasing both the temperature and the pH of the oceans
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A) The rotation of the planet causes marine debris to be pulled toward the Equator,where most of these patches are found.
B) The patches are found along shipping lanes where cruise ships illegally dispose of their garbage by throwing it overboard.
C) Currents circulate plastics and other debris until they accumulate in areas where currents are more sluggish.
D) There are several locations in the middle of the oceans where it is legal to dump wastes.
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A) Valdez
B) Prestige
C) Deepwater Horizon
D) All of the choices were tanker accidents.
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A) Both negatively impact marine ecosystems by causing hypoxia as a result of eutrophication.
B) Nutrients from agricultural runoff tend to positively impact marine ecosystems by delivering nutrients that support healthy levels of marine productivity,while upwellings tend to harm marine ecosystems by causing hypoxia as a result of eutrophication.
C) Both positively impact marine ecosystems by delivering nutrients that support healthy levels of marine productivity.
D) Upwellings tend to positively impact marine ecosystems by delivering nutrients that support healthy levels of marine productivity,while nutrients from agricultural runoff tend to harm marine ecosystems by causing hypoxia as a result of eutrophication.
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D
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A) Increased nutrients lead to increased growth of algae and plants.When these organisms die,decomposers use oxygen in the water to break down the dead organisms.Fish and other marine organisms are thus robbed of the oxygen they need.
B) Overharvesting and poor fishing techniques create areas devoid of life within the ocean.
C) Nutrient runoff leads to increased growth of aquatic algae and plants,which remove oxygen from water in order to photosynthesize.Fish and other marine organisms are thus robbed of the oxygen they need.
D) Fertilizers and pesticides are carried from cities and farmland to the oceans,where these pollutants kill fish and other marine organisms,creating a zone devoid of life near shore.
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A) destroying large regions of coral reefs for commercial aquaculture
B) introducing alien species that are thought to be more productive
C) using large amounts of coral rock to pave roads and build houses
D) overharvesting fish and invertebrates that live in reef ecosystems
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