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In determining the optimum capital structure it is assumed that the firm will raise capital in the optimum proportions every year.

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An increase in investors' aversion to risk causes the SML to shift up parallel to the old SML.

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In the Net Operating Income approach to cost-of-capital analysis, a firm's value depends on:


A) its net operating income.
B) its use of debt.
C) size of the firm.
D) retained earnings as a proportion of debt.

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The cost of capital for each source of funds is a cost dependent on current market conditions and expected rates of return.

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Jury Company has the following capital structure: 55% debt, 35% equity, and 10% preferred stock. Calculate Jury's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) assuming no new common shares are issued, using the answers obtained from question 117.

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The cost of debt is determined by taking the:


A) present value of the interest payments and principal times one minus the tax rate.
B) historical yield on bonds times one minus the tax rate.
C) estimated yield on new bond issues of the same risk times one minus the shareholder marginal tax rate.
D) yield and subtracting the tax rate.

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Although debt financing is usually the cheapest component of capital, it cannot be used to excess because:


A) interest rates may change.
B) the firm's share price will increase and raise the cost of equity financing.
C) the financial risk of the firm may increase and thus drive up the cost of all sources of financing.
D) underwriting costs may change.

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The Abacus Computer Company has decided to use the Capital Asset Pricing Model to estimate its cost of equity. The firm's beta was estimated at 1.4. The S&P/TSX Composite-stock index has returned 12.5% to investors over a fairly long period of time, and Abacus has decided to use this value as the market return. Treasury bills are currently providing investors with a 6.5% yield. A) Calculate Abacus's cost of equity using the CAPM. B) If its beta was incorrectly estimated, and a new revised estimate of 1.8 was used in the calculations, what would its new estimate of the cost of equity be?

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Although the after tax cost of debt is below the cost of equity, firms cannot increase their use of debt without limit.

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Ke represents an expected return to shareholders as well as a cost to the firm.

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The required rate of return for a stock which has 1.5 times the risk of the market in general will be:


A) 1.5 times the risk-free rate.
B) 1.5 times the market rate of return.
C) 1.5 times the market risk premium, plus the risk-free rate.
D) 1.5 times the risk-free rate, plus the market risk premium.

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The cost of capital is used as a discount rate because:


A) it is an indication of how much the firm is earning overall.
B) as long as the cost of capital is earned, the common stock value of the firm will be maintained.
C) it is comparable to the prevailing market interest rates.
D) returns below the cost of capital will cover all fixed costs associated with capital and provide an excess return to shareholders.

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A firm's cost of preferred stock is equal to the preferred dividend divided by the net price after flotation costs Kp = (Dp/Po - F).

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Financial capital does not include:


A) common equity capital.
B) bonds.
C) preferred shares.
D) working capital.

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If the flotation cost goes up, the cost of retained earnings will:


A) go up.
B) go down.
C) stay the same.
D) slowly increase.

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The after tax cost of debt will usually be below:


A) the cost of dividends.
B) the weighted average cost of capital less the cost of equity.
C) the cost of equity.
D) the floatation cost.

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Beta is a good measure of a stock's risk when the stock is combined into a portfolio.

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There may be a change in the marginal cost of capital curve because:


A) the tax rate charged to investors changes.
B) the firm has exhausted its supply of retained earnings.
C) the firm is limited in the amount of amortization it can take.
D) the firm has invested in a new project.

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A firm's stock is selling for $78. The next annual dividend is expected to be $2.34. The growth rate is 9%. The flotation cost is $5.00. What is the cost of retained earnings?


A) 12.82%
B) 12.21%
C) 12.00%
D) 9.41%

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A general increase in interest rates will raise the required rates of return for all stocks.

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