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Exam 10: Mutations and Cancer

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Question 41

Multiple Choice

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We would all have many more mutations in our genes if not for the _____.

A) activity of repair enzymes
B) death of all mutant cells,removing them from our bodies
C) fact that everybody carries a "good" allele to counter every "bad" allele
D) fact that dividing cells remove all their mutations when they replicate their DNA
E) fact that mutations tend to cancel each other out,leaving mostly functional genes

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Question 42

Multiple Choice

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How could a cancerous cell evade apoptosis?

A) The cell responds to environmental signals.
B) The cell goes through the cell cycle too quickly for apoptosis to occur.
C) The cell has a mutation in a checkpoint protein.
D) The cell is stuck in one phase of the cell cycle.
E) Cancerous cells can't evade apoptosis.

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Question 43

Multiple Choice

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When would you need a gene that can stop the cell cycle?

In normal cells,lack of functional tumor suppressors would cause

A mutation would most likely be inherited if it is located in a ____ cell.

Mutations are

What kind of mutation causes most types of cancer?

If you mother has a single copy of a harmful BRCA gene,what are the chances you inherited the harmful BRCA allele from her?

Chemotherapy drugs interfere with

Gene mutations can arise when nucleotides are

A gene found in a somatic cell is mutated.The resulting protein regulates mitosis but now has a different 3D shape.What is a likely result?

Bob and Linda are a newly married couple.They hope to have a child but are having trouble getting pregnant.They visit a fertility clinic,where they receive a variety of tests.One test shows that Bob is healthy but carries a single disease-causing allele for CFTR (the gene that can cause cystic fibrosis) ,but Linda does not.This means that

The cell cycle checkpoints are responsible for checking that the cell is prepared to move on to the next stage in cell division.For example,the G₁-to-S checkpoint ensures that the cell has all the components and signals necessary to go on to S phase and that the appropriate signals are present.The G₂ checkpoint checks whether the

What kinds of preventative measures are available for individuals who have a strong genetic predisposition to breast cancer?

If an individual has a germ cell mutation,which of these is a possible source of that mutation?

Metastasis is

The most common cancer among women is

Why is a person who has inherited one copy of a harmful BRCA allele much more likely to have early-onset breast cancer or ovarian cancer than a person with two functioning alleles?

Mutations that cause the cell to divide rapidly,even in the absence of a signal to divide,are usually mutations of

What is the increased risk of ovarian cancer by age 70 if you have one copy of a deleterious BRCA2 allele when compared to the general population?