Question 1

A researcher hypothesizes that adults will respond differently to the same baby depending on how the child is dressed. Her colleague, on the other hand, hypothesizes that boys and girls are treated equally and that only temperamental differences lead to differences in their handling. Design a research study to test their hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following...

Question 2

Psychologists sometimes prefer to make observations in a laboratory setting rather than a naturalistic setting. The primary advantage of laboratory observation over naturalistic observation is:

Accepted Answer

A)   it costs less money.
B)   participants take their participation more seriously in a professional environment.
C)   researchers have more control over the research study.
D)   laboratory observation is more natural.

Question 3

Dr. Benjamin Rush treated yellow fever by bloodletting. He attributed each recovery to the bloodletting and each death to the severity of the yellow fever. What rule of science did he violate?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following...

Question 4

The coefficient of correlation conveys:

Accepted Answer

A)   the size and direction of the relationship between two variables.
B)   whether one variable causes the other variable to happen.
C)   the unintended changes in a subject's behavior due to the experimenter's cues.
D)   whether or not the principle of falsifiability applies to each variable.

Question 5

Which research method did Sigmund Freud rely upon? Analyze what you know about his theory given your understanding of research methods. What are the strengths and limitations of his approach?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following...

Question 6

A statistician adds all of the test scores for a group of participants and then divides the sum by the number of participants. The result of his calculation is the ____________ of the test scores.

Accepted Answer

A)   arithmetic mean
B)   effect size
C)   p value
D)   standard deviation

Question 7

When two variables have a strong positive correlation, the correlation coefficient will be close to:

Accepted Answer

A)   .00.
B)   +1.00.
C)   -1.00.
D)   +.50.

Question 8

Case studies are usually sources of hypotheses, rather than tests of hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A researcher finds that there is no correlation between the number of calories a person consumes in a day and his or her IQ. The correlation coefficient here would be close to:

Accepted Answer

A)   +1.00.
B)   +0.50.
C)   -0.50.
D)   .00.

Question 10

Some correlational studies have found that people who are chronically depressed are more likely than non-depressed people to develop cancer. Which of the following can be derived from the study?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chronic depression causes cancer.
B)   Early, undetected cancer causes depression.
C)   Depressed people tend to smoke, causing cancer.
D)   Chronic depression and cancer are related to one another.

Question 11

Which variable does an experimenter manipulate when conducting experimental research?

Accepted Answer

A)   control variable
B)   confounding variable
C)   independent variable
D)   dependent variable

Question 12

A study in which subjects of different ages are compared at a given time is called a longitudinal study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A research hypothesis proposes that consuming low carbohydrate diets results in increased weight loss. One group of participants follows a low-carb diet for 3 weeks, whereas a second group follows a high-carb diet containing the same number of calories for 3 weeks. The average number of pounds lost for each group is then is compared. What is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)   number of pounds lost
B)   length of time on the diet
C)   the amount of carbs in each diet
D)   the number of calories in each diet

Question 14

Which of the following statements about skepticism is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   Skepticism about a claim is generally unnecessary if the person making the claim is an authority on the topic.
B)   Skepticism in science is the willingness to accept an idea without empirical evidence.
C)   Skepticism means always refusing to believe the claims of authorities in the field.
D)   Good scientists must balance skepticism and openness to new ideas.

Question 15

A group of individuals that matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex is called a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   volunteer group.
B)   representative sample.
C)   unrepresentative sample.
D)   general sample.

Question 16

The _______________ tells us how clustered or spread out individual scores are around an arithmetic mean.

Accepted Answer

A)   arithmetic mean
B)   p value
C)   confidence interval
D)   standard deviation

Question 17

A major purpose of peer review is to:

Accepted Answer

A)   verify the credentials of the researchers who worked on a project.
B)   make sure the results of a study fit with current scientific theories.
C)   determine whether the work lives up to accepted scientific standards.
D)   make sure that the research does not involve animals as subjects.

Question 18

Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?

Accepted Answer

A)   Case studies produce a more detailed picture of an individual than other methods.
B)   The information produced in a case study is easy to interpret.
C)   Data collected during a case study can be easily generalized to other individuals.
D)   Case studies are less susceptible to researcher bias than other methods.

Question 19

A result that is significant at the .05 level indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)   the result was obtained purely by chance and is not real.
B)   the probability that the result is due to real differences between groups is .05.
C)   there is a positive relationship between variables.
D)   the probability that the result occurred by chance is low, and therefore the result is probably real.

Question 20

A psychologist has the option of gathering information through psychological tests or through self-evaluations by the participants. Which option would be more effective in clarifying the differences and similarities between individuals? Why?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following...

Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

A researcher finds that there is no correlation between the number of calories a person consumes in a day and his or her IQ. The correlation coefficient here would be close to:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Some correlational studies have found that people who are chronically depressed are more likely than non-depressed people to develop cancer. Which of the following can be derived from the study?

Correct Answer
verified

When two variables have a strong positive correlation, the correlation coefficient will be close to:

Correct Answer
verified

A statistician adds all of the test scores for a group of participants and then divides the sum by the number of participants. The result of his calculation is the ____________ of the test scores.

Correct Answer
verified

Psychologists sometimes prefer to make observations in a laboratory setting rather than a naturalistic setting. The primary advantage of laboratory observation over naturalistic observation is:

Correct Answer
verified

A study in which subjects of different ages are compared at a given time is called a longitudinal study.

Correct Answer
verified

Which research method did Sigmund Freud rely upon? Analyze what you know about his theory given your understanding of research methods. What are the strengths and limitations of his approach?

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the following...
View Answer

Case studies are usually sources of hypotheses, rather than tests of hypotheses.

Correct Answer
verified

Dr. Benjamin Rush treated yellow fever by bloodletting. He attributed each recovery to the bloodletting and each death to the severity of the yellow fever. What rule of science did he violate?

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the following...
View Answer

Which of the following statements about skepticism is correct?

Correct Answer
verified

The _______________ tells us how clustered or spread out individual scores are around an arithmetic mean.

Correct Answer
verified

A group of individuals that matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex is called a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

Which variable does an experimenter manipulate when conducting experimental research?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the following...
View Answer

A major purpose of peer review is to:

Correct Answer
verified

The coefficient of correlation conveys:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?

Correct Answer
verified

A psychologist has the option of gathering information through psychological tests or through self-evaluations by the participants. Which option would be more effective in clarifying the differences and similarities between individuals? Why?

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the following...
View Answer

A result that is significant at the .05 level indicates that:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

A researcher finds that there is no correlation between the number of calories a person consumes in a day and his or her IQ. The correlation coefficient here would be close to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some correlational studies have found that people who are chronically depressed are more likely than non-depressed people to develop cancer. Which of the following can be derived from the study?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When two variables have a strong positive correlation, the correlation coefficient will be close to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A statistician adds all of the test scores for a group of participants and then divides the sum by the number of participants. The result of his calculation is the ____________ of the test scores.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists sometimes prefer to make observations in a laboratory setting rather than a naturalistic setting. The primary advantage of laboratory observation over naturalistic observation is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A study in which subjects of different ages are compared at a given time is called a longitudinal study.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which research method did Sigmund Freud rely upon? Analyze what you know about his theory given your understanding of research methods. What are the strengths and limitations of his approach?

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the following...View AnswerShow Answer

Case studies are usually sources of hypotheses, rather than tests of hypotheses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Benjamin Rush treated yellow fever by bloodletting. He attributed each recovery to the bloodletting and each death to the severity of the yellow fever. What rule of science did he violate?

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the following...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following statements about skepticism is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _______________ tells us how clustered or spread out individual scores are around an arithmetic mean.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A group of individuals that matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex is called a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which variable does an experimenter manipulate when conducting experimental research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the following...View AnswerShow Answer

A major purpose of peer review is to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The coefficient of correlation conveys:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an advantage of case studies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychologist has the option of gathering information through psychological tests or through self-evaluations by the participants. Which option would be more effective in clarifying the differences and similarities between individuals? Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will include the following...View AnswerShow Answer

A result that is significant at the .05 level indicates that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the following...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the following...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the following...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A good answer will include the following...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified