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Exam 14: Theories of Personality

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Question 81

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In psychoanalysis, the part of the personality that represents reason, good sense, and rational self-control is called:

A) the libido.
B) the ego.
C) the superego.
D) the id.

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Question 82

Multiple Choice

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Mark is angry when his teacher blames him for misbehaving when it actually was the child behind him who had been acting up. As he leaves after school, he shoves another boy who gets in his way. Freud would say that Mark is unconsciously using the defence mechanism of:

A) displacement.
B) repression.
C) projection.
D) denial.

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Question 83

Multiple Choice

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In psychoanalysis, which component of personality is present at birth and is the reservoir of unconscious psychological energy and the motives to avoid pain and obtain pleasure?

Members of individualist cultures:

People who depend economically on agriculture tend to:

When asked about a recently published study showing that little girls do not have penis envy, a psychodynamic theorist immediately says that the little girls are all in denial and do not want to admit to the feelings that they have. This response is an example of:

In a cross-cultural study of children's altruism, researchers found that the least altruistic children were from _______________.

Penny is a folklorist who studies myths and stories from different cultures around the world. She notices that there are some character types that appear frequently, despite the fact that the cultures she studies have had little to no contact with each other. Whose work would Penny likely cite to explain this observation?

Freud's theory is called psychodynamic because it emphasizes the:

Which defence mechanism involves reversion to an earlier phase of psychological development?

According to Freud, the psychosexual stage that occurs during the grade school years until puberty is called the:

Neuroticism is one of the Big Five personality traits. Compare the specific qualities of an individual who scores high in neuroticism with the qualities found in an emotionally stable person.

Which of the following theories of personality would be most likely to emphasize the freedom of individuals to choose to act in particular ways?

Penny is a folklorist who studies myths and stories from different cultures around the world. She notices that there are some character types that appear frequently, despite the fact that the cultures she studies have had little to no contact with each other. Whose work would Penny likely cite to explain this observation?

Mark is angry when his teacher blames him for misbehaving when it actually was the child behind him who had been acting up. As he leaves after school, he shoves another boy who gets in his way. Freud would say that Mark is unconsciously using the defence mechanism of:

_______________ is a fundamental personality dimension that describes whether people are cooperative and secure, or irritable and abrasive.

In psychoanalysis, the psychic energy that fuels sexuality and life instincts is called:

_______________ occurs when people direct their emotions toward objects, animals, or people that are not the real object of their emotion.

_______________ occurs when people refuse to admit to an event, feeling, or memory that causes them anxiety or distress.

One example of the lasting influence of the humanist psychologists is the interest of many contemporary psychologists in studying: