Question 1

In terms of human-environment interaction,which of the following is an example of an anthropogenic endogenic process contributing to the geologic cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  strip mining
B)  harnessing geothermal energy for electricity development
C)  injection wells contributing to earthquake activity
D)  rock removal for building contributing to land slides
E)  natural hazards,such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions pose dangers to humans

Question 2

How does the ocean floor preserve evidence of past magnetic reversals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Magnetic particles in basalt orient with the magnetic field in force at the time the oceanic lava cooled and hardened.
B)  Isotopic analysis of ocean core sediments help determine sea floor age and this can be used to infer past magnetism.
C)  The ocean floor is uniformly old,preserving the Earth's 4.6 billion history.
D)  Mantle hot spots are always oriented to the magnetic field.
E)  The oldest oceanic crust is always found near mid-ocean ridges.As one moves out from these ridges,the crust is simultaneously younger and oriented according to the polarity at the time.

Question 3

Which of the following are located along the mid-ocean ridges?

Accepted Answer

A)  volcanoes
B)  outcrops of granite
C)  old oceanic sediments
D)  evaporite deposits
E)  seamounts

Question 4

____are sites of upwelling of magma from the mantle independent of plate boundaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hot spots
B)  Subduction zones
C)  Transform faults
D)  Mid-ocean ridges
E)  Plate boundaries

Question 5

Geomagnetic reversals

Accepted Answer

A)  are rapid events in which the magnetic field "blinks" off and on again.
B)  cause in mass species extinctions due to increased cosmic radiation.
C)  are predictable events,occurring at set intervals of 100,000 years.
D)  are caused by rapid tectonic movement.
E)  involve slow diminishments to low intensity and a rapid regaining of full strength.

Question 6

Which of the following is not an example of an age-relationship based on absolute dating?

Accepted Answer

A)  The oldest known rocks on Earth are 3.96 billion years old.
B)  The Vishnu schist at the bottom of the Grand Canyon is 2 billion years old.
C)  The dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years ago.
D)  The Coconino formation in the Grand Canyon is older than the Kaibab formation.
E)  Fossil records show flowering plants developed during the Cretaceous.

Question 7

The three most abundant elements in Earth's crust are

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium,sodium,and iron.
B)  magnesium,potassium,and oxygen.
C)  iron,aluminum,and calcium.
D)  oxygen,silicon,and aluminum.
E)  magnesium,iron,and calcium

Question 8

The percentage of oxygen in the Earth's crust is ______,whereas that in the atmosphere is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  10%;72%
B)  5%;50%
C)  27%;27%
D)  1.5%;86%
E)  46%;21%

Question 9

Which of the following is correct regarding continental drift?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurred about two billion years ago,but no longer occurs today.
B)  The term "continental drift" is now called plate tectonics.
C)  It does not occur because the crust is brittle.
D)  It is an old theory that has been essentially disproven.
E)  It wasn't hypothesized until late in the 20th Century.

Question 10

During the past 4 million years,_____geomagnetic reversals have occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  9
B)  25
C)  50
D)  100
E)  1,000

Question 11

An element or combination of elements that forms an inorganic,natural compound is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  tectonic rock.
B)  granite.
C)  mineral.
D)  molecule.
E)  compound.

Question 12

Which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust and dominated by silica and magnesium.
B)  Continental crust is denser than oceanic crust and dominated by silica and aluminum.
C)  Oceanic crust is less dense than continental crust and dominated by silica and aluminum.
D)  Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust and dominated by silica and magnesium.
E)  The density of continental and oceanic crust is roughly even,though the density varies in both time and space.

Question 13

The continuous alteration of Earth materials from one rock type to another is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  geologic cycle.
B)  rock cycle.
C)  hydrologic cycle.
D)  tectonic cycle.
E)  biogeochemical cycle.

Question 14

Boundaries between intervals of the geological time scale are determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  dividing the time range of the interval by the number desired subdivisions,thereby creating equal intervals between the divisions.
B)  major events in the Earth's history,such as major extinctions.
C)  using a quantile method whereby the number of years in each subdivision is determined by dividing the number of years by the desired number of classes.
D)  climatic periods based on paleoclimatological reconstructions.
E)  historical misunderstandings based on the principle of uniformitarianism;they remain as relicts of this bygone scientific period.

Question 15

Scientists have direct evidence of the Earth's structure to

Accepted Answer

A)  the inner core.
B)  the upper mantle (~250 km (155 mi) ) .
C)  about 12 km (7.6 mi) from the surface.
D)  15 km (9.3 mi) from the surface,based on the deepest well shaft.
E)  the Gutenberg discontinuity.

Question 16

Limestone formed from the shells of marine organisms is an example of ____sedimentary rock.

Accepted Answer

A)  clastic
B)  biochemical
C)  extrusive
D)  inorganic
E)  contact

Question 17

The dominant element in oceanic crust are

Accepted Answer

A)  silica and aluminum.
B)  silica and magnesium.
C)  magnesium and aluminum.
D)  potassium and iron.
E)  calcium and iron.

Question 18

The major rocks of Earth's crust are classified into principal types based on

Accepted Answer

A)  element composition.
B)  mineral composition.
C)  the manner in which they formed.
D)  relative and absolute locations.
E)  age and structure.

Question 19

At which of the following locations does subduction occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent plate boundaries
B)  at sea floor spreading zones
C)  above mantle hot spots
D)  convergent plate boundaries
E)  along transform plate boundaries

Question 20

Metamorphism that occurs when rocks are exposed to the pressure and extreme temperature associated with intruding magma is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  contact metamorphism.
B)  regional metamorphism.
C)  intrusive metamorphism.
D)  extrusive metamorphism.
E)  clastic metamorphism.

Exam 11: The Dynamic Planet

How does the ocean floor preserve evidence of past magnetic reversals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Boundaries between intervals of the geological time scale are determined by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not an example of an age-relationship based on absolute dating?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At which of the following locations does subduction occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the past 4 million years,_____geomagnetic reversals have occurred.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is correct regarding continental drift?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Geomagnetic reversals

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____are sites of upwelling of magma from the mantle independent of plate boundaries.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major rocks of Earth's crust are classified into principal types based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The continuous alteration of Earth materials from one rock type to another is known as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In terms of human-environment interaction,which of the following is an example of an anthropogenic endogenic process contributing to the geologic cycle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are located along the mid-ocean ridges?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Metamorphism that occurs when rocks are exposed to the pressure and extreme temperature associated with intruding magma is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The three most abundant elements in Earth's crust are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The percentage of oxygen in the Earth's crust is ______,whereas that in the atmosphere is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An element or combination of elements that forms an inorganic,natural compound is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The dominant element in oceanic crust are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists have direct evidence of the Earth's structure to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Limestone formed from the shells of marine organisms is an example of ____sedimentary rock.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The percentage of oxygen in the Earth's crust is ,whereas that in the atmosphere is __.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified