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Exam 4: Endocrinology

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following is associated with a greater predisposition for hypoglycemia due to decreased gluconeogenesis?

A) Pancreatitis
B) Cholecystitis
C) Cardiac failure
D) Renal failure

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Question 22

Multiple Choice

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A type II diabetic with a blood glucose of 24 mg/dL would most likely be unconscious due to:

A) insulin shock.
B) cerebral hypoglycemia.
C) gluconeogenesis.
D) diabetic ketoacidosis.

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Question 23

Multiple Choice

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Your diabetic patient asks you why diabetics need to take insulin. Which of the following answers is most accurate?

Your patient is a 42-year-old male who had surgery four years ago to remove his posterior pituitary gland because of a tumor. He stopped taking replacement hormones because they caused depression. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of the patient's noncompliance with hormone replacement therapy?

Your patient is a 32-year-old female who is alert and sitting at her kitchen table complaining of dizziness and near-syncope with exertion. She describes a four-day history of a 104°F fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea unrelieved with over-the-counter medications. Physical examination reveals dry skin and mucous membranes, lung sounds clear and equal bilaterally. HR = 131 and regular, BP = 84/60, RR = 20 and regular, SaO₂ = 98%, blood glucose = 58 mg/dL. She has a history of colitis, for which she often takes prednisone, but she has been noncompliant with her prednisone therapy for the past five days because she cannot afford to refill her prescription. The treatment for this patient should include:

Hyperglycemia is most likely a result of damage to the pancreatic ________ cells.

Secretion of glucagon from the pancreas results in ________, which causes a(n) ________ in blood glucose levels.

Your patient is a 72-year-old male patient who is conscious but slow to respond to questions and commands. He has become increasingly lethargic, unemotional, and easily fatigued over the past two months. He has had a decreased appetite and has gained weight over the same period. The patient further states, "I'm constipated and always cold." Which of the following additional signs or symptoms would be consistent with this patient presentation?

Which of the following is the most reliable way to differentiate between a hyperglycemic emergency and a hypoglycemic emergency?

Immediately after birth, an infant is allowed to suckle at the mother's breast. Palpation of the uterus suggests that the uterus is contracting. This finding can be attributed to:

A three-year-old male patient has a history of an underdeveloped cell-mediated immune system. Which of the following most likely contribute to this deficiency?

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the hypothalamus and the endocrine system?

Homeostasis refers to:

A 63-year-old female with a history of hypothyroidism presents in a stuporous state, responsive only to pain. Physical exam reveals thin hair, a puffy face, an enlarged tongue, and cold, doughy skin. Her heart rate is 70 and regular, RR is 10 and regular, BP is 90/62, blood glucose level is 60 mg/dL, and temperature is 86°F via a tympanic thermometer. Your treatment of this patient should NOT include:

Which of the following findings would be atypical in a patient with a history of Cushing's syndrome?

A 16-year-old female with a history of diabetes is found unconscious in a high school bathroom following volleyball practice. She is tachycardic; has cool, clammy skin; is lethargic; is slightly combative; and is very confused. She is most likely experiencing:

Which of the following is least likely to result in hypoglycemia in a type I diabetic patient?

Acute exacerbation of Addison's disease can lead to ECG changes and cardiovascular collapse as a result of electrolyte imbalance secondary to:

Your patient is a 24-year-old male with a history of type I diabetes. You were called to his place of employment because he was behaving bizarrely. On your arrival he is confused and combative with a blood glucose level of 41 mg/dL. Due to poor vasculature and the patient's combativeness, you have not been able to start an IV. Which of the following is the best course of action?

Which of the following is the most direct cause of polyuria in untreated diabetes?